A stigma-conscious framework for resilience and posttraumatic change.

Members of stigmatized groups face severe, chronic adversities that produce qualitatively unique and often challenging experiences. Further, access to resources relevant to overcoming adversity (e.g.

Impact of an Adaptive Worksite Diabetes Prevention Trial on Health Action Process Approach Outcomes Regarding Dietary Intake and Physical Activity.

Weight loss, through a reduction in energy intake and increase in energy expenditure, can reduce diabetes risk in people with prediabetes. However, lifestyle change can be challenging even with positive intentions. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) theoretical framework bridges the intention-behavior gap by targeting planning behaviors and strengthening efficacious beliefs for behavioral change.

Early and slow weight loss responders' perceptions of an adaptive diabetes prevention trial: A qualitative perspective.

Objective: Behavioural weight loss interventions demonstrate success on average, yet participants who respond more slowly may benefit from an augmented, tailored approach. Thus, an augmented intervention for early, slow weight loss responders was implemented. This qualitative analysis explored participants' perceptions of and experiences of the 12-month weight loss programme to inform future intervention development and implementation.

Does intervention sequence impact self-regulatory and behavioral outcomes in an adaptive trial among adults with prediabetes?

Background: Lifestyle interventions can promote improvement in dietary intake and physical activity (PA), on average, by strengthening motivation, self-regulatory efforts, and commitment to behavioral change. However, maintenance of behavioral change is challenging, and slow responders during treatment often experience less overall success. Adaptive intervention sequences tailored to treatment response may be more effective in sustaining behavioral change.

Corticostriatal ensemble dynamics across heroin self-administration to reinstatement.

Corticostriatal projection neurons from prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens core critically regulate drug-seeking behaviors, yet the underlying encoding dynamics whereby these neurons contribute to drug seeking remain elusive. Here we use two-photon calcium imaging to visualize the activity of corticostriatal neurons in mice from the onset of heroin use to relapse. We find that the activity of these neurons is highly heterogeneous during heroin self-administration and seeking, with at least 8 distinct neuronal ensembles that display both excitatory and inhibitory encoding dynamics.

Impact of an augmented intervention on self-regulatory, dietary and physical activity outcomes in a diabetes prevention trial among adults with prediabetes.

Self-regulation can facilitate modifications in lifestyle to promote behavioral change. However, little is known about whether adaptive interventions promote improvement in self-regulatory, dietary, and physical activity outcomes among slow treatment responders. A stratified design with an adaptive intervention for slow responders was implemented and evaluated.

Worrying About Finances During COVID-19: Resiliency Enhances the Effect of Worrying on Both Proactive Behavior and Stress.

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic instability, many people are contending with financial insecurity. Guided by Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, American Psychologist 44:513-524, 1989; Hobfoll et al., Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 5:103-128, 2018), the current research explores the consequences of experiencing financial insecurity during a pandemic, with a focus on individuals who report relatively higher rates of financial insecurity, performance challenges, and stress during such experiences: working parents (American Psychological Association, 2022).

The Need for Understanding and Addressing Microaggressions in the Workplace.

The special issue on microaggressions highlighted how subtle interpersonal bias is complex, harms its targets, and reinforces established systems of inequity. The aim of this commentary is to contribute an organizational science perspective to this insightful and important dialogue. Given that the workplace is a microcosm of the broader society where adults spend most of their waking hours, studying microaggressions in this context can shed light on their unique manifestations and consequences, as well as methods to address this unique source of workplace adversity.

When thriving requires effortful surviving: Delineating manifestations and resource expenditure outcomes of microaggressions for Black employees.

Although overt racism is condemned by many organizations, insidious forms of racism persist. Drawing on the conservation of resources framework (Hobfoll, 1989), this article identifies forms and outcomes of racial microaggressions-daily verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities that denigrate individuals from racially minoritized groups (Sue, Capodilupo, et al., 2007).

A Resource Model of Team Resilience Capacity and Learning.

A team's capacity to bounce back from adversities or setbacks (i.e., team resilience capacity) is increasingly valuable in today's complex business environment.

Understanding how family demands impair health behaviors in working sole mothers: The role of perceived control over leisure time.

Working sole mothers (i.e., nonpartnered women who work) may experience elevated family demands that impose barriers to pursuing health behaviors during their daily leisure time.

CD36 promotes vasculogenic mimicry in melanoma by mediating adhesion to the extracellular matrix.

Background: The formation of blood vessels within solid tumors directly contributes to cancer growth and metastasis. Until recently, tumor vasculature was thought to occur exclusively via endothelial cell (EC) lined structures (i.e.

Distinct Neurophysiological Correlates of the fMRI BOLD Signal in the Hippocampus and Neocortex.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is among the foremost methods for mapping human brain function but provides only an indirect measure of underlying neural activity. Recent findings suggest that the neurophysiological correlates of the fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal might be regionally specific. We examined the neurophysiological correlates of the fMRI BOLD signal in the hippocampus and neocortex, where differences in neural architecture might result in a different relationship between the respective signals.

Age Differences In Retrieval-Related Reinstatement Reflect Age-Related Dedifferentiation At Encoding.

Age-related reductions in neural selectivity have been linked to cognitive decline. We examined whether age differences in the strength of retrieval-related cortical reinstatement could be explained by analogous differences in neural selectivity at encoding, and whether reinstatement was associated with memory performance in an age-dependent or an age-independent manner. Young and older adults underwent fMRI as they encoded words paired with images of faces or scenes.

Neural Differentiation is Moderated by Age in Scene-Selective, But Not Face-Selective, Cortical Regions.

The aging brain is characterized by neural dedifferentiation, an apparent decrease in the functional selectivity of category-selective cortical regions. Age-related reductions in neural differentiation have been proposed to play a causal role in cognitive aging. Recent findings suggest, however, that age-related dedifferentiation is not equally evident for all stimulus categories and, additionally, that the relationship between neural differentiation and cognitive performance is not moderated by age.

Meeting the New FDA Standard for Accuracy of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Test Systems Intended for Home Use by Lay Users.

The OneTouch Verio Reflect blood glucose monitor (BGM) has market clearance in several countries based in part on fulfilling the lay user and system accuracy criteria described in ISO15197:2015. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not recognize the accuracy criteria in ISO15197 as a basis for gaining regulatory clearance for these devices. The current study evaluates the BGM using the accuracy guidelines issued by the agency for self-monitoring blood glucose test systems for over-the-counter use.

Comparison of fMRI correlates of successful episodic memory encoding in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and healthy controls.

Intra-cranial electroencephalographic brain recordings (iEEG) provide a powerful tool for investigating the neural processes supporting episodic memory encoding and form the basis of experimental therapies aimed at improving memory dysfunction. However, given the invasiveness of iEEG, investigations are constrained to patients with drug-resistant epilepsy for whom such recordings are clinically indicated. Particularly in the case of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), neuropathology and the possibility of functional reorganization are potential constraints on the generalizability of intra-cerebral findings and pose challenges to the development of therapies for memory disorders stemming from other etiologies.

Effects of Advective-Diffusive Transport of Multiple Chemoattractants on Motility of Engineered Chemosensory Particles in Fluidic Environments.

Motility behavior of an engineered chemosensory particle (ECP) in fluidic environments is driven by its responses to chemical stimuli. One of the challenges to understanding such behaviors lies in tracking changes in chemical signal gradients of chemoattractants and ECP-fluid dynamics as the fluid is continuously disturbed by ECP motion. To address this challenge, we introduce a new multiscale numerical model to simulate chemotactic swimming of an ECP in confined fluidic environments by accounting for motility-induced disturbances in spatiotemporal chemoattractant distributions.

Recollection-related increases in functional connectivity across the healthy adult lifespan.

In young adults, recollection-sensitive brain regions exhibit enhanced connectivity with a widely distributed set of other regions during successful versus unsuccessful recollection, and the magnitude of connectivity change correlates with individual differences in recollection accuracy. Here, we examined whether recollection-related changes in connectivity and their relationship with performance varied across samples of young, middle-aged, and older adults. Psychophysiological interaction analyses identified recollection-related increases in connectivity both with recollection-sensitive seed regions and among regions distributed throughout the whole brain.

Altered ultrasonic vocalization in neonatal SAPAP3-deficient mice.

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in neonatal mice provide a means of modeling communication deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. Mature mice deficient in SAP90/PSD95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3) display compulsive grooming and anxiety-like behavior, conditions that are often associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. To date, however, aspects of neurodevelopment have not been investigated in SAPAP3-deficient mice.

Dissociation between the neural correlates of recollection and familiarity in the striatum and hippocampus: Across-study convergence.

In tests of recognition memory, neural activity in the striatum has consistently been reported to differ according to the study status of the test item. A full understanding of the functional significance of striatal 'retrieval success' effects is impeded by a paucity of evidence concerning whether the effects differ according to the nature of the memory signal supporting the recognition judgment (recollection vs. familiarity).

Ventral lateral parietal cortex and episodic memory retrieval.

With the advent of functional neuroimaging it quickly became apparent that successful episodic memory retrieval was consistently associated with enhanced activity in ventral lateral parietal cortex (VLPC), especially the left angular gyrus. Here, we selectively review recent neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging evidence relevant to the question of the functional significance of this activity. We argue that the balance of the evidence suggests that the angular gyrus supports the representation of retrieved episodic information, and that this likely reflects a more general role for the region in representing multi-modal and multi-domain information.

Moral judgement by the disconnected left and right cerebral hemispheres: a split-brain investigation.

Owing to the hemispheric isolation resulting from a severed corpus callosum, research on split-brain patients can help elucidate the brain regions necessary and sufficient for moral judgement. Notably, typically developing adults heavily weight the intentions underlying others' moral actions, placing greater importance on valenced intentions versus outcomes when assigning praise and blame. Prioritization of intent in moral judgements may depend on neural activity in the right hemisphere's temporoparietal junction, an area implicated in reasoning about mental states.

Influence of response bias and internal/external source on lateral posterior parietal successful retrieval activity.

In studies of recognition memory, regions of the lateral posterior parietal cortex exhibit greater activity (as indexed by the fMRI BOLD signal) during correct recognition of "old" (studied) items than correct rejection of "new" (unstudied) items. This effect appears to be source-sensitive, with greater activity associated with recognition of perceived than imagined events. Parietal successful retrieval activity also varies with response bias, or the tendency to be conservative about making "old" judgments.

Lateral posterior parietal activity during reality monitoring discriminations of memories of high and low perceptual vividness.

Regions of the lateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) tend to be more active during recognition of previously studied items compared to correct rejection of unstudied items. Previously, we demonstrated that this effect is source-specific. While items that were encoded through visual perception elicited robust successful retrieval activity in the lateral PPC during a subsequent source memory test, items that were visually imagined did not elicit this effect.