Taxonomic and abundance biases affect the record of marine eukaryotic plankton communities in sediment DNA archives.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) preserved in marine sediments is increasingly being used to study past ecosystems. However, little is known about how accurately marine biodiversity is recorded in sediment eDNA archives, especially planktonic taxa. Here, we address this question by comparing eukaryotic diversity in 273 eDNA samples from three water depths and the surface sediments of 24 stations in the Nordic Seas.

A comparison of staining methods for Helicobacter pylori in laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy resections.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important public health concern due to its status as a carcinogenic bacterium. Well adapted to the acidic environment of the human stomach, the variety of strains and virulence factors of the organism when interacting with the host immune system creates an individualistic response. Although estimates suggest that approximately half of the global population is infected with H pylori, the majority of infected persons remain asymptomatic while harboring an increased risk of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancers.

The presence of in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy specimens is associated with increased mucosal thickness, presence of secondary follicles, increased chronic inflammation, and intestinal metaplasia.

Helicobacter pylori is putatively present in over half of the global human population and is recognized as a carcinogenic agent that increases the likelihood of infected patients developing gastric adenocarcinoma or gastric lymphoma. Although there are several means for testing for , the gold standard remains the invasive histologic evaluation. The current most popular form of bariatric surgery is the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and is the only bariatric surgery which supplies a specimen for histologic evaluation.

It's a small world for parasites: evidence supporting the North American invasion of European .

(), the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), is present in the Holarctic region, and several genetic variants deem to have differential infectivity and pathogenicity. An unprecedented outbreak of human AE cases in Western Canada infected with a European-like strain circulating in wild hosts warranted assessment of whether this strain was derived from a recent invasion or was endemic but undetected. Using nuclear and mitochondrial markers, we investigated the genetic diversity of in wild coyotes and red foxes from Western Canada, compared the genetic variants identified to global isolates and assessed their spatial distribution to infer possible invasion dynamics.

Fibrinogen in equine pregnancy as a mediator of cell adhesion, an epigenetic and functional investigation.

Preimplantation equine embryos synthesize and secrete fibrinogen, which is a peculiar finding as fibrinogen synthesis almost exclusively occurs in the liver. This study investigated the hypothesis that conceptus-derived fibrinogen mediates cell adhesion during fixation. On day 21 of pregnancy, five integrin subunits, including ITGA5, ITGB1, ITGAV, and ITGB1, displayed significantly higher transcript abundance than on day 16 of pregnancy.

Interferon epsilon is constitutively expressed in equine endometrium and up-regulated during the luteal phase.

Interferon epsilon (IFNE) is type I interferon which stands out through its unusual expression profile and differing regulation compared to classic type I interferons such as interferon alpha and interferon beta. Unlike other type I interferons, the expression of IFNE is not stimulated through exposure to viral agents. Expression of IFNE is most abundant in mouse and human endometrium where it is constitutively expressed in luminal and glandular epithelial cells and expression levels are up-regulated with estrogen exposure.

Temporal changes in plasma markers of oxidative stress following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in subjects with impaired glucose regulation.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an effective treatment for obesity and associated metabolic complications. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased oxidative stress. Previous studies have examined changes in plasma oxidative stress after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but there is limited evidence of the effects of LSG.