Significant age by childhood trauma interactions on grey matter volumes: A whole brain VBM analysis.

Background: Childhood trauma is deleterious to long term brain development. The changes are variable, and depend on gender, age and the nature of the trauma. In this exploratory analysis, we investigated the effects of exposure to emotional trauma on grey matter (GM) volumes in adolescent females.

Seeking a deeper understanding of 'distributed health literacy': A systematic review.

Background: Previous research suggests that it would be useful to view health literacy as a set of 'distributed competencies', which can be found dispersed through the individual's social network, rather than an exclusively individual attribute. However, to date there is no focused exploration of how distributed health literacy has been defined, conceptualized or assessed in the peer-reviewed literature.

Aims: This systematic review aimed to explore: (1) definitions and conceptual models of distributed health literacy that are available from the peer-reviewed literature; and (2) how distributed health literacy has been measured in empirical research.

Irritability and mood symptoms in adolescent girls: Trait anxiety and emotion dysregulation as mediators.

Background: Irritability is a common symptom in youth that is thought to be predictive of mood disorders. Its effects on mood are likely to be age-dependent, with direct and indirect mediators. We assessed age-related effects and mediators of irritability in adolescent girls with subthreshold depressive and manic symptoms.

Interactions of OXTR rs53576 and emotional trauma on hippocampal volumes and perceived social support in adolescent girls.

Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide involved in social behaviour and is sensitive to environmental influences to alter individual vulnerability or resilience to stress resulting in both negative and positive outcomes. The effects of the OXT receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs53576 on hippocampal and amygdala structure and functions in adults are differentially associated with susceptibility to adversity and social behaviours, but this evidence is lacking in healthy adolescents. Adolescence is a developmental period characterised by neurobiological and psychosocial changes resulting in higher susceptibility to mood disorders, particularly among girls.

Clinician-patient-family decision-making and health literacy in adolescents and young adults with cancer and their families: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Objective: Engaging in shared decision-making may be particularly difficult for adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs), possibly because of lower levels of health literacy. Family members of AYAs are likely to support decision-making about their healthcare by contributing to health literacy skills/practices; however, the nature of this process is unclear. This systematic review synthesized qualitative studies that explored the process of decision-making and characterized how AYA healthcare information is shared, from the perspective of the AYA and their family members.

Effect of stress gene-by-environment interactions on hippocampal volumes and cortisol secretion in adolescent girls.

Objective: Adolescence is a time of increased susceptibility to environmental stress and mood disorders, and girls are particularly at risk. Genes interacting with the environment (G × E) are implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, hippocampal volume changes and risk or resilience to mood disorders. In this study, we assessed the effects of stress system G × E interactions on hippocampal volumes and cortisol secretion in adolescent girls.

The effects of childhood trauma on adolescent hippocampal subfields.

Objective: Mood disorders are more common among girls and typically emerge during adolescence. The precise reasons for this are unknown, but among the many mechanisms implicated are stress-induced hippocampal structural changes during this developmental stage. The hippocampus is a complex structure comprised of subfields that develop differentially and respond variably to stress and childhood adversity, both of which are risk factors for mood disorders.

The Structure of the FACT-Cog v3 in Cancer Patients, Students, and Older Adults.

Context: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive (FACT-Cog) version 3 questionnaire is designed to assess perceived cognitive function and impact on quality of life in cancer patients.

Objectives: We examined the factor structure of the FACT-Cog version 3 in samples of cancer patients, older adults, and students.

Methods: Data from three populations were sourced.

The use of lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder: Recommendations from clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Lithium is an effective mood stabilizer that is used principally for the management of bipolar disorder (BD). Its administration is complex and often requires sophisticated management and assiduous monitoring. When considering the use of lithium therapy for bipolar disorder, clinicians are advised to refer to recommendations outlined in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs); but because of varying emphases placed by different international CPGs, recommendations addressing the practical use of lithium lack consistency.

The Lithium Battery: assessing the neurocognitive profile of lithium in bipolar disorder.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize the neurocognitive effects of lithium in bipolar disorder to inform clinical and research approaches for further investigation.

Methods: Key words pertaining to neurocognition in bipolar disorder and lithium treatment were used to search recognized databases to identify relevant literature. The authors also retrieved gray literature (e.