Virtual biopsies: Proof of concept for a novel quantitative approach to liver biopsy adequacy and pathology education.

Objectives: To quantitatively measure liver biopsy adequacy requirements and the effect of a teaching intervention that uses a virtual biopsy platform.

Methods: A library of virtual liver biopsies was created using digital whole-slide, trichrome-stained tissue sections from liver resection material and QuPath image analysis software. Blinded participants staged fibrosis on the virtual biopsies before and after a teaching intervention.

Corrigendum to "Observation of a positive interference in LC-MS/MS measurement of d6-25-OH-vitamin D3" [Clin. Mass Spectrom. 3 (2017) 22-24].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.

Are you ready to play Pathology Pyramid? An exploration of an alternative method of learning through gaming in pathology resident education.

The pathologists' lexicon is paramount in connecting pathologists, clinicians, and patients. It is an implicit part of pathology diagnoses, and, therefore, a significant component of residency training. We recognize that learning and honing this art is acquired through experience but is also influenced by many factors, such as confidence, familiarity with descriptive terminology, among others.

The Gross-to-Scope Program for Gross Room Personnel: An Innovative Initiative for Providing Case Follow-Up and Education to "Close the Pathology Loop".

Gross room personnel (GRP) work alongside pathologists in grossing, frozen section, and autopsy. We observed that gross room personnel desire follow-up and feedback on the specimens they gross or autopsies they perform. Our goal was to create a sustainable educational program for gross room personnel.

Helicobacter pylori Antigen But Not the Organism Is Occasionally Present Within Germinal Centers: Implications for Patient Management and Biology.

Helicobacter pylori infection is present in two thirds of the world's population and induces a myriad of human diseases, ranging from gastritis to gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Detection is critical for treatment and may require immunohistochemical (IHC) staining when organisms are not visible on hematoxylin and eosin. We have encountered cases in which IHC for Helicobacter pylori failed to demonstrate curvilinear or coccoid organisms, but did show a reticular pattern of immunoreactivity involving the underlying germinal centers.

Ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal granular cell tumors is safe and effective.

Given their malignant potential, resection of esophageal granular cell tumors (GCTs) is often undertaken, yet the optimal technique is unknown. We present a large series of dedicated endoscopic resection using band ligation (EMR-B) of esophageal GCTs. Patients diagnosed with esophageal GCTs between 2002 and 2019 were identified using a prospectively collected pathology database.

Potential role of CSF cytokine profiles in discriminating infectious from non-infectious CNS disorders.

Current laboratory testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not consistently discriminate between different central nervous system (CNS) disease states. Rapidly distinguishing CNS infections from other brain and spinal cord disorders that share a similar clinical presentation is critical. New approaches focusing on aspects of disease biology, such as immune response profiles that can have stimulus-specific attributes, may be helpful.

Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation with factor X deficiency-A management dilemma.

Factor X (FX) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder. There is currently no clear guideline or recommendation for the appropriate selection of anticoagulation and management of patients with FX deficiency who require anticoagulation. We shared our experience in managing such patient, and we further discussed other possible treatment options.

A Comprehensive Review of Hepatic Sarcoid.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease, which is characterized by the development of noncaseating granulomas amid healthy tissue. While most commonly affecting the mediastinum and/or lungs, sarcoid can also affect the liver, resulting in "hepatic sarcoid." The spectrum of disease in hepatic sarcoid is variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild liver enzyme abnormalities to end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation.

MCM2 expression in serrated polyps demonstrates aberrant cellular proliferation.

In normal colonic epithelium, the proliferative zone is limited to the lower half of the colonic crypt. Evaluating the changes in the colonic epithelial proliferation can be useful in understanding pathophysiology of various diseases. Our aim was to investigate the proliferative compartment of serrated polyps (SPs) using MCM2, a protein involved in DNA replication, and assess for changes along the SP spectrum.

Human parechovirus and enterovirus initiate distinct CNS innate immune responses: Pathogenic and diagnostic implications.

Background: Human parechovirus (HPeV) and enterovirus (EV) cause a range of human diseases including serious CNS infections. Little is known regarding the immune response to HPeV meningitis compared to EV meningitis or how the immune response to HPeV reflects its pathogenesis.

Objective: To characterize the innate immune response to HPeV CNS infection in order to increase our understanding of HPeV pathogenesis and possibly help identify HPeV in the clinical setting.

Diagnostic Challenges of Cryptococcus neoformans in an Immunocompetent Individual Masquerading as Chronic Hydrocephalus.

Cryptococcus neoformans can cause disseminated meningoencephalitis and evade immunosurveillance with expression of a major virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule. Direct diagnostic assays often rely on the presence of the cryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan capsular antigen (CrAg) or visualization of the capsule. Strain specific phenotypic traits and environmental conditions influence differences in expression that can thereby compromise detection and timely diagnosis.

Identification of a novel metabolic-related mutation (IDH1) in metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a metabolic enzyme implicated in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. This is underscored by the detection of functional, somatic IDH1 mutations frequently found in secondary glioblastoma. To our knowledge, there has never been a reported, validated case of an IDH1 mutation in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).

Model analysis of effect of canagliflozin (Invokana), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, to alter plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol.

Background: Renal reabsorption of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) is competitively inhibited by elevated glucose and leads to depleted plasma AG in diabetes. Plasma AG recovery in diabetes normally correlates with improved glycemic control. However, use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (e.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Pancreas in a Patient with BRCA2 Mutation: A Case Report.

Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an uncommon subtype of pancreatic neoplasm, representing 1-4% of all pancreatic cancers. Given the rarity of this tumor, there is no well-established standard of care regarding treatment. We present the case of a BRCA2-deficient patient who responded tremendously well to a combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin therapy.