Evaluation and Treatment of Acute Facial Palsy: Opportunities for Optimization at a Single Institution.

Most patients with acute facial palsy initially present to emergency departments (EDs), where clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recommend steroids, eye care, and follow-up with facial nerve specialists. To evaluate adherence to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Bell's palsy (BP) CPGs within EDs at a single academic institution. : We conducted a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with acute facial palsy in the EDs of an academic tertiary care center between June 1, 2021, and June 1, 2022.

Transient facial paresis as a complication of buccal fat removal.

Aim: This case highlights the rarely reported complication of facial paresis following buccal fat pad removal and its management.

Background: The buccal fat pad is a vital structure in facial aesthetics. In recent years, buccal fat pad removal for mid facial sculpting has gained popularity among patients owing in part to the rise of social media in plastic surgery.

Predictors of 30-day complications, readmission, and postoperative length of stay in children undergoing autologous rib grafting for microtia.

Background: Predictors of outcomes in pediatric microtia surgery are not well understood within the current literature. A multi-institutional database study may reveal insights into these predictors.

Objectives: To explore the predictors of 30-day complications, 30-day readmission, and postoperative length of stay (PLOS) in pediatric microtia patients undergoing autologous rib grafting.

Characterizing the Impact of Facial Rehabilitation on Acute Facial Paralysis.

Evidence on facial rehabilitation therapy (FRT) for acute facial paralysis (FP) remains limited. We present a retrospective review of patients with acute FP who have received FRT with physical therapists within 1 year of FP onset as determined by Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS) composite scores. A total of 702 patients with a clinical diagnosis of FP were referred to a university rehabilitation program between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2022.

Facial Reanimation After Intratemporal Facial Nerve Schwannoma Resection: A Systematic Review.

To systematically analyze the outcomes of reanimation techniques that have been described for patients undergoing non-fascicle sparing resection of intratemporal facial schwannomas. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Eight hundred forty studies were screened with 22 meeting inclusion criteria comprising 266 patients.

Equipping your facial plastic clinic for office-based procedures.

Office-based procedures can be a fulfilling part of the facial plastic practice with the right tools, personnel, and preparation. Equipping the clinic for office-based procedures has several unique considerations that ultimately impact its success. It is important to strategize preemptively regarding what treatments will be offered and the respective equipment that will allow the safe, cost-effective, and high-quality delivery of those treatments.

Bell's Palsy After Vaccination Against Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify studies reporting the incidence of Bell's Palsy after vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and assess whether this incidence is greater than among the general population.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science.

Review Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Complications in Rhinoplasty.

Rhinoplasty is widely regarded as one of the more technically challenging surgeries, owing in part to the many possible short- and long-term complications that can arise. Although severe complications are uncommon, unforeseen complications can lead to esthetic and functional compromise, patient dissatisfaction, and need for revision surgery. The rhinoplasty surgeon must be prepared to counsel patients and identify and manage the range of complications that may result from this procedure.

Vascularized Prelaminated Thermoplastic Bioabsorbable Scaffold in Tracheal Reconstruction.

Successful tracheal reconstruction remains a challenging task for the reconstructive surgeon. A variety of techniques have been previously employed, using both autografts and allografts. The authors present a novel method for tracheal reconstruction utilizing a prelaminated fascial flap in conjunction with a bioabsorbable scaffold.

Melanoma metastatic to the hyoid bone.

Metastatic melanoma may be included in the differential diagnosis of hyoid masses in patients with a history of melanoma. Hyoid resection is well tolerated and of diagnostic and therapeutic benefit in patients with tumors metastatic to the hyoid bone.

Simultaneous Septal Perforation and Deviation Repair with a Chondromucosal Transposition Flap.

Nasal septal perforations can cause issues of epistaxis, whistling, crusting, saddle deformity, and obstruction, which motivate patients to seek surgical repair. Numerous methods of septal perforation repair have been described, with surgical success rates ranging from 52% to 100%, but few studies address situations with concomitant septal deviation. In treating patients with septal perforation and deviation, both issues should be addressed for optimal outcomes.

Burden of comorbidities is higher among elderly survivors of oropharyngeal cancer compared with controls.

Background: The prevalence of survivors of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing due to improved survival for individuals with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease. Although elderly survivors of OPC are known to have a high burden of comorbidities, to the authors' knowledge it is unknown how this compares with a similar cohort without a history of cancer.

Methods: The current retrospective, cross-sectional study included individuals with a first incident primary diagnosis of OPC from 2004 through 2011 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare-linked databases and matched controls.

Prevalence of comorbidities and effect on survival in survivors of human papillomavirus-related and human papillomavirus-unrelated head and neck cancer in the United States.

Background: The increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck cancer (HNC) has led to the increasing prevalence of survivors, yet to the best of the authors' knowledge the prevalence of comorbidities during the survivorship period and their effects on survival are relatively unknown.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, individuals with a first incident primary diagnosis of HNC from 2004 through 2011 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare-linked databases were included in the analysis and classified as patients with HPV-related or HPV-unrelated HNC. The presence of 30 comorbid conditions of interest was identified.

Prevalence of Comorbidities among Older Head and Neck Cancer Survivors in the United States.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at the time of their cancer diagnosis and during their survivorship trajectory. The second aim was to evaluate the differences in comorbidities developed according to treatment type received.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional.

Utility of preoperative fine needle aspiration in parotid lesions.

Objectives: Preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) of parotid lesions often is used in the initial evaluation of parotid masses, but its role in guiding surgical decision making remains unclear, in part due to varying diagnostic accuracy reported. We sought to evaluate the role of preoperative FNA in detection of malignancy and impact on surgical management.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Favorable Swallowing Outcomes following Vagus Nerve Sacrifice for Vagal Schwannoma Resection.

Objective To determine the impact of unilateral vagal sacrifice for vagal schwannoma on postoperative swallowing function. Study Design Case series, chart review. Setting Academic medical institution.

SMAC Mimetic Birinapant plus Radiation Eradicates Human Head and Neck Cancers with Genomic Amplifications of Cell Death Genes FADD and BIRC2.

Comparison of tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveals that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) harbor the most frequent genomic amplifications of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), with or without Baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing BIRC2 (cIAP1), affecting about 30% of patients in association with worse prognosis. Here, we identified HNSCC cell lines harboring FADD/BIRC2 amplifications and overexpression by exome sequencing, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. In vitro, FADD or BIRC2 siRNA knockdown inhibited HNSCC displaying amplification and increased expression of these genes, supporting their functional importance in promoting proliferation.

MEK Inhibitor PD-0325901 Overcomes Resistance to PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor PF-5212384 and Potentiates Antitumor Effects in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas exhibit variable sensitivity to inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, an important target of genomic alterations in this cancer type. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK/activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways are also frequently co-activated, but their roles in resistance mechanisms to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and as therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are not well defined.

Experimental Design: We determined the IC50s of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-05212384 (PF-384) by XTT assays in 14 HNSCC lines with PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade alterations.

Combination effects of SMAC mimetic birinapant with TNFα, TRAIL, and docetaxel in preclinical models of HNSCC.

Objectives/hypothesis: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells are resistant to cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor ligands such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and cytotoxic chemotherapies. Recently, genetic alterations in cell death pathways, including inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, have been demonstrated in HNSCC. We investigated the effects of birinapant, a novel, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC)-mimetic that targets inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, alone and in combination with TNFα, TRAIL, or chemotherapy docetaxel.