Proteomic Profiles of Thyroid Gland and Gene Expression of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Are Modulated by Exposure to AgNPs during Prepubertal Rat Stages.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potent antimicrobial activity and, for this reason, are incorporated into a variety of products, raising concern about their potential risks and impacts on human health and the environment. The developmental period is highly dependent on thyroid hormones (THs), and puberty is a sensitive period, where changes in the hormonal environment may have permanent effects. We evaluated the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP)-thyroid axis after exposure to low doses of AgNPs using a validated protocol to assess pubertal development and thyroid function in immature male rats.

Imbalanced testicular metabolism induced by thyroid disorders: New evidences from quantitative proteome.

Thyroid dysfunctions, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are the second most prevalent endocrinopathies and are associated to reproductive disorders in men. Several genes are differentially modulated by thyroid hormones in testes and imbalances in thyroid hormone levels are also associated to alterations on sperm functionality. Imbalances on antioxidant defense mechanism and stress oxidative have been pointed out as the main factors for the impairments on male reproductive function.