Differentially disrupted spinal cord and muscle energy metabolism in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

Prior studies showed that polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor (AR) is aberrantly acetylated and that deacetylation of the mutant AR by overexpression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent (NAD+-dependent) sirtuin 1 is protective in cell models of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Based on these observations and reduced NAD+ in muscles of SBMA mouse models, we tested the therapeutic potential of NAD+ restoration in vivo by treating postsymptomatic transgenic SBMA mice with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR). NR supplementation failed to alter disease progression and had no effect on increasing NAD+ or ATP content in muscle, despite producing a modest increase of NAD+ in the spinal cords of SBMA mice.

Differential expression of the T-cell inhibitor TIGIT in glioblastoma and MS.

Objective: To identify coinhibitory immune pathways important in the brain, we hypothesized that comparison of T cells in lesions from patients with MS with tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) from patients with glioblastoma multiforme may reveal novel targets for immunotherapy.

Methods: We collected fresh surgical resections and matched blood from patients with glioblastoma, blood and unmatched postmortem CNS tissue from patients with MS, and blood from healthy donors. The expression of TIGIT, CD226, and their shared ligand CD155 as well as PD-1 and PDL1 was assessed by both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

Axonal localization of the fragile X family of RNA binding proteins is conserved across mammals.

Spatial segregation of proteins to neuronal axons arises in part from local translation of mRNAs that are first transported into axons in ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), complexes containing mRNAs and RNA binding proteins. Understanding the importance of local translation for a particular circuit requires not only identifying axonal RNPs and their mRNA cargoes, but also whether these RNPs are broadly conserved or restricted to only a few species. Fragile X granules (FXGs) are axonal RNPs containing the fragile X related family of RNA binding proteins along with ribosomes and specific mRNAs.

Perinatal exposure to benzyl butyl phthalate induces alterations in neuronal development/maturation protein expression, estrogen responses, and fear conditioning in rodents.

Phthalate exposure has recently been associated with behavioral actions that are linked to its endocrine-disrupting properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular, anatomical, and behavioral effects of indirect perinatal benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) exposure in offspring of BBP-treated pregnant dams. In two separate experiments, we administered BBP (10.

Chronic exposure to benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) alters social interaction and fear conditioning in male adult rats: alterations in amygdalar MeCP2, ERK1/2 and ERα.

Objectives: Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (BBP) is an industrial plasticizer that has an unknown action in the central nervous system. Phthalates have recently been associated with behavioral actions that are linked to their endocrine disrupting properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral and molecular effects of BBP treatment in male rats.