Mycoplasma bovis is a bacterial pathogen endemic to cattle. In the early 2000s, M. bovis emerged as a cause of respiratory disease in American bison (Bison bison), causing significant morbidity and mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of American bison (Bison bison), associated with high morbidity and mortality epizootics of respiratory and reproductive disease. Despite the significant negative impact on bison health, little is known about the kinetics of disease and the host immune response to infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWildlife professionals routinely use potent sedatives and anesthetics when chemically immobilizing wildlife and zoo species in remote environments. Accidental exposure to these prescription veterinary drugs is rare but could be rapidly fatal. Commonly used agents include opioids and α adrenoreceptor agonists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The climate crisis is the greatest public health threat of the 21st century. Excessive heat is responsible for more deaths than any other extreme weather event, and the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat events are increasing globally due to climate change. Exposure to excessive heat can result in heat related illnesses (HRIs) and long-term poor health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman Lyme disease-primarily caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) in North America-is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis
November 2022
Several quantitative diagnostic techniques are available to estimate gastrointestinal parasite counts in the feces of ruminants. Comparing egg and oocyst magnitudes in naturally infected samples has been a recommended approach to rank fecal techniques. In this study, we compared the Mini-FLOTAC (sensitivity of 5 eggs per gram (EPG)/oocysts per gram (OPG)) and different averaged replicates of the modified McMaster techniques (sensitivity of 33.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNational parks are unique and significant vector-borne pathogen transmission settings, engaging over 300 million people in outdoor recreation per year. In this study, we integrated vector surveys and ecological habitat feature data in spatial models to characterize tick-borne disease exposure risk in Acadia National Park (ANP), Maine. To determine the broad-scale patterns of blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) densities in ANP, we conducted host-seeking tick collections at 114 sites across the park over two years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected parasitic infection in the United States (US). In the Southwestern US, National Park Service (NPS) employees are a unique population with potential exposure to CD. This population lives in close contact with several species of sylvatic triatomine bugs, the vectors of T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRabies-association bat mortality events are rarely reported, suggesting that rabies is not a significant cause of bat mass mortality. Three bat die-offs in National Park Service units were attributed to rabies, highlighting the value of including rabies, and rabies virus strain spillover events, as a differential in mass mortality events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: In 2020, the Appropriations Committee for the U.S. House of Representatives directed the CDC to develop a national One Health framework to combat zoonotic diseases, including sylvatic plague, which is caused by the flea-borne bacterium .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeer management (e.g., reduction) has been proposed as a tool to reduce the acarological risk of Lyme disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn 2012, a total of 9 cases of hantavirus infection occurred in overnight visitors to Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California, USA. In the 6 years after the initial outbreak investigation, the California Department of Public Health conducted 11 rodent trapping events in developed areas of Yosemite Valley and 6 in Tuolumne Meadows to monitor the relative abundance of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and seroprevalence of Sin Nombre orthohantavirus, the causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Deer mouse trap success in Yosemite Valley remained lower than that observed during the 2012 outbreak investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZoonoses Public Health
August 2019
Mass bat exposures (MBEs) occur when multiple people are exposed to a bat or a bat colony, often over an extended period. In August 2017, a public health investigation was started in response to an MBE that occurred during May-August 2017 at a national park research station in Wyoming. We identified 176 people who had slept primarily in two lodges (Lodges A and B) at the research station, and successfully contacted 165 (93.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTularemia is a bacterial zoonosis caused by . We conducted a serosurvey of black-tailed prairie dogs () in Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming, US, following an epizootic in voles ( spp.) due to .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Nationally, animal-motor vehicle crashes (AVCs) account for 4.4% of all types of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). AVCs are a safety risk for drivers and animals and many National Park Service (NPS) units (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTularemia is a zoonotic infection caused by the highly infectious bacterium . Persons having outdoor professions are more likely than others to be exposed to through increased contact with arthropods, infected animals, and contaminated aerosols. After a tularemia epizootic during July and August 2015 at Devils Tower National Monument and an associated tularemia infection in a park employee, we assessed seroprevalence of antibodies, risk factors for seropositivity, and use of protective measures among park employees.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYellowstone National Park is home to the largest bison population on public land in the United States. Although Yellowstone regulations require visitors to remain at least 23 m from bison, since 1980, bison have injured more visitors to Yellowstone than any other animal. We examined a series of bison-related injuries at Yellowstone to evaluate the circumstances of these injuries and to identify common risk-enhancing behaviors that lead to injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlveolar and cystic echinococcosis are emerging and reemerging in Europe, Africa, and Asia. The expansion of Echinococcus spp. tapeworms in wildlife host reservoirs appears to be driving this emergence in some areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: On 16 September 2015, a red tide ( Karenia brevis) bloom impacted coastal areas of Padre Island National Seashore Park, Texas, US. Two days later and about 0.9 km inland, 30-40 adult green tree frogs ( Hyla cinerea) were found dead after displaying tremors, weakness, labored breathing, and other signs of neurologic impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTick-borne pathogens transmitted by Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), also known as the deer tick or blacklegged tick, are increasing in incidence and geographic distribution in the United States. We examined the risk of tick-borne disease exposure in 9 national parks across six Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic States and the District of Columbia in 2014 and 2015. To assess the recreational risk to park visitors, we sampled for ticks along frequently used trails and calculated the density of I.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn August 2015, plague was diagnosed for 2 persons who had visited Yosemite National Park in California, USA. One case was septicemic and the other bubonic. Subsequent environmental investigation identified probable locations of exposure for each patient and evidence of epizootic plague in other areas of the park.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In June 2014, the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), a location where tourists comprise the majority of the population during peak season (January-April).
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