Ethnic differences in the relationship between ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity in Black African and White European men across a spectrum of glucose tolerance.

Aim: To examine the hypothesis that there would be ethnic differences in the relationship between ectopic fat and tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) across a spectrum of glucose tolerance in Black African (BA) and White European (WE) men.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-three WE men (23/10/20 normal glucose tolerance [NGT]/impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]/type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and 48 BA men (20/10/18, respectively) underwent a two-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp with infusion of D-[6,6-H]-glucose and [H]-glycerol to assess hepatic, peripheral and adipose tissue IR. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL).

A cross-sectional time series of cardiometabolic health education format preferences across sociodemographic groups.

Aims: Health education is integral to cardiometabolic disease (CMD) management. This study aimed to assess whether and how education preferences have changed over time, and whether trends differ by sociodemographic characteristics (education status, age, ethnicity, and sex).

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was deployed across five counties in the East Midlands, UK between 2017 and 2022 to adults with CMD (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease).

Effectiveness of integrating a pragmatic pathway for prescribing liraglutide 3.0 mg in weight management services (STRIVE study): a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial.

Background: An effective prescribing pathway for liraglutide 3 mg, an approved obesity pharmacotherapy, may improve treatment access. This trial compared a targeted prescribing pathway for liraglutide 3 mg with multiple stopping rules in specialist weight management services (SWMS) to standard SWMS care.

Methods: This phase four, two-year, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, real-world randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.

Uptake of self-management education programmes for people with type 2 diabetes in primary care through the embedding package: a cluster randomised control trial and ethnographic study.

Background: Self-management education programmes are cost-effective in helping people with type 2 diabetes manage their diabetes, but referral and attendance rates are low. This study reports on the effectiveness of the Embedding Package, a programme designed to increase type 2 diabetes self-management programme attendance in primary care.

Methods: Using a cluster randomised design, 66 practices were randomised to: (1) a wait-list group that provided usual care for nine months before receiving the Embedding Package for nine months, or (2) an immediate group that received the Embedding Package for 18 months.

Efgartigimod and Ravulizumab for Treating Acetylcholine Receptor Auto-antibody-Positive (AChR-Ab+) Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Indirect Treatment Comparison.

Introduction: Efgartigimod and ravulizumab, both approved for treating acetylcholine receptor auto-antibody-positive (AChR-Ab+) generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), have not been directly compared. This paper assessed comparative effects of efgartigimod vs. ravulizumab for treating adults with AChR-Ab+ gMG using indirect treatment comparison methods.

Associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat.

Background/objectives: Inadequate movement, excess adiposity, and insulin resistance augment cardiometabolic risk. This study examined the associations of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat.

Methods: Data were combined from two previous experimental studies with community volunteers (n = 141, male = 60%, median (interquartile range) age = 37 (19) years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.

Educational preferences in individuals with cardiometabolic disease differs with age, ethnicity and educational status.

Objectives: To evaluate how sociodemographic factors influence educational modality preferences in people with cardiometabolic disease.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in people with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, who completed a questionnaire to denote their previous experience and ranked preferences for different educational modalities.

Results: The questionnaire was completed by 3751 people, of whom 59% were men, median (interquartile range) age was 68 (59-76) years, and 78% were White European.

The effectiveness of the Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (SHIFT): a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Background: Long distance heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers exhibit higher than nationally representative rates of obesity, and obesity-related co-morbidities, and are underserved in terms of health promotion initiatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the multicomponent 'Structured Health Intervention For Truckers' (SHIFT), compared to usual care, at 6- and 16-18-month follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a two-arm cluster RCT in transport sites throughout the Midlands, UK.

The effects of empagliflozin, dietary energy restriction, or both on appetite-regulatory gut peptides in individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity: The SEESAW randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: To assess the impact of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin (25 mg once-daily), dietary energy restriction, or both combined, on circulating appetite-regulatory peptides in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity.

Materials And Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 68 adults (aged 30-75 years) with T2D (drug naïve or on metformin monotherapy; HbA1c 6.0%-10.

Promoting inclusion in clinical trials-a rapid review of the literature and recommendations for action.

Background: Without inclusion of diverse research participants, it is challenging to understand how study findings will translate into the real world. Despite this, a lack of inclusion of those from under-served groups in research is a prevailing problem due to multi-faceted barriers acting at multiple levels. Therefore, we rapidly reviewed international published literature, in relation to clinical trials, on barriers relating to inclusion, and evidence of approaches that are effective in overcoming these.

Chronotype and well-being in adults with established type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: 'Chronotype' describes an individual's sleep-wake schedule, and can be classified into morning, intermediate or evening types. Evening chronotype has been widely associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. We explored associations between chronotype and markers of well-being in people with type 2 diabetes.

Effectiveness of the Transformation model, a model of care that integrates diabetes services across primary, secondary and community care: A retrospective study.

Aims: The primary aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a model integrating diabetes services across primary, secondary and community care (Transformation model). The secondary aim was to understand whether changes resulted from the model.

Methods: The model was implemented In Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland (UK) across three clinical commissioning groups, the acute trust and accompanying stakeholders.

Increasing uptake of structured self-management education programmes for type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting: a feasibility study.

Background: Structured self-management education (SSME) for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improves biomedical and psychological outcomes, whilst being cost-effective. Yet uptake in the UK remains low. An 'Embedding Package' addressing barriers and enablers to uptake at patient, health care professional and organisational levels has been developed.

Correction to: Timing of pubertal stages and breast cancer risk: the Breakthrough Generations Study.

As a consequence of responding to colleagues who asked about the publication of the original article [1], the authors have determined that the data published in Table 4 of the paper are incorrect.

Process evaluation of the school-based Girls Active programme.

Background: Girls Active is a physical activity programme, delivered in UK secondary schools, with the aim of increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in girls aged 11-14 years. This study presents the process evaluation as part of a 14-month cluster randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Girls Active programme and which showed no difference in the primary outcome (MVPA at 14 months) between intervention and control arms.

Methods: Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from intervention schools over the course of the 14 month trial.

Micro-costing and a cost-consequence analysis of the 'Girls Active' programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial.

Physical inactivity has been identified as a leading risk factor for premature mortality globally, and adolescents, in particular, have low physical activity levels. Schools have been identified as a setting to tackle physical inactivity. Economic evidence of school-based physical activity programmes is limited, and the costs of these programmes are not always collected in full.

Rationale, design and study protocol of the randomised controlled trial: Diabetes Interventional Assessment of Slimming or Training tO Lessen Inconspicuous Cardiovascular Dysfunction (the DIASTOLIC study).

Introduction: Despite their young age and relatively short duration of disease, younger adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) already have diastolic dysfunction and may be at risk of incipient heart failure. Whether weight loss or exercise training improve cardiac dysfunction in people with T2D remains to be established.

Methods And Analysis: Prospective, randomised, open-label, blind endpoint trial.

Differences in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour between white Europeans and south Asians recruited from primary care: cross-sectional analysis of the PROPELS trial.

Background: Self-reported data have consistently shown South Asians (SAs) to be less physically active than White Europeans (WEs) in developed countries, however objective data is lacking. Differences in sedentary time have not been elucidated in this population. This study aimed to quantify differences in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour between WEs and SAs recruited from primary care and to investigate differences in demographic and lifestyle correlates of these behaviours.

Metabolic Effects of Breaking Prolonged Sitting With Standing or Light Walking in Older South Asians and White Europeans: A Randomized Acute Study.

Background: Prolonged sitting is common in older adults and is associated with insulin resistance and poor cardiometabolic health. We investigate whether breaking prolonged sitting with regular short bouts of standing or light walking improves postprandial metabolism in older white European and South Asian adults and whether effects are modified by ethnic group.

Methods: Thirty South Asian (15 women) and 30 white European (14 women) older adults (aged 65-79 years) undertook three experimental conditions in random order.

Physical Activity after Cardiac EventS (PACES) - a group education programme with subsequent text-message support designed to increase physical activity in individuals with diagnosed coronary heart disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) represents approximately 13% of deaths worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the UK with considerable associated health care costs. After a CHD event, timely cardiac rehabilitation optimises patient outcomes. However, a high percentage of these services do not meet necessary performance indicators such as course length and follow-up attendance.

Association of hypoglycaemia and risk of cardiac arrhythmia in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Hypoglycaemia is associated with increased cardiovascular risk among individuals with diabetes mellitus. It has been hypothesized that hypoglycaemia may trigger autonomic changes leading to increased cardiac arrhythmia risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore this association.

Effectiveness of the 'Girls Active' school-based physical activity programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Globally, adolescent girls' physical activity (PA) levels are low. The 'Girls Active' secondary school-based programme, developed by the Youth Sport Trust, aims to increase PA in adolescent girls. This paper explores the effectiveness of the 'Girls Active' school-based PA programme.

Compliance of Adolescent Girls to Repeated Deployments of Wrist-Worn Accelerometers.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the cross-sectional and cumulative compliance of adolescent girls to accelerometer wear at three deployment points and to identify variables associated with compliance.

Methods: Girls from 20 secondary schools were recruited: 10 schools were participating in the "Girls Active" intervention and 10 were control schools. Physical activity was measured using the GENEActiv accelerometer worn on the nondominant wrist 24 h·d for up to 7 d at baseline, 7 months, and 14 months.