Approaches to a contemporary psychoanalytic Field Theory: from Kurt Lewin, Georges Politzer and José Bleger, to Antonino Ferro and Giuseppe Civitarese.

Today in Italy, a group of psychoanalysts works according to Field Theory. In this paper I would like to show that a line of thought from the beginnings of Field Theory in physics, philosophy and psychology leads to the conception of the field of Antonino Ferro and Giuseppe Civitarese. The assumption of a continuous dynamic and a direct relationship between all parts of the field is fundamental for the conception of the analytic field.

The "Refrige-a-RAT-or": an accurate, inexpensive, and clinically relevant small animal model of therapeutic hypothermia.

Background: Physical and molecular mechanisms for the neuroprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia are not completely understood, and new therapeutic applications incorporating hypothermia remain to be developed and tested. Clinically relevant animal models of therapeutic hypothermia are not well established or consistent.

Objectives: The objective was to develop and test an inexpensive small animal therapeutic hypothermia system that models those in widespread clinical use and verify that such a system confers neuroprotection in a rat model of global brain ischemia.