Childhood onset C3 glomerulopathy: recurrence after kidney transplantation-a case series.

Background: C3 Glomerulopathy (C3G) is a complement-mediated disease, with predominant C3 deposits, where pathogenic genetic variants in complement system components and circulating autoantibodies result in loss of control of the alternative pathway, have been described. A high incidence of disease recurrence including graft failure has been reported after kidney transplantation (KTx). Currently treatment modalities for preventing and treating post KTx C3G recurrence (plasma exchange, rituximab and eculizumab) in adults have yielded inconsistent results.

Urine dipstick blood and acute kidney injury in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with hemolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). The study aim was to determine if urine dipstick blood in infants after CPB was associated with AKI and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).

Methods: Infants who underwent CPB at a single center were enrolled prospectively between October 2017 and June 2019.

COVID-19 disease among children and young adults enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies registry.

Background: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected adults with kidney disease. Data regarding outcomes among children with kidney disease are limited. The North American Pediatric Renal Trials Collaborative Studies Registry (NAPRTCS) has followed children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) since 1987 at 87 participating centers.

Immune urinary biomarkers predict infant cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently after infant cardiac surgery and is associated with poor outcomes, including mortality and prolonged length of stay. AKI mechanisms are poorly understood, limiting therapeutic targets. Emerging data implicates dysregulated immune activation in post-cardiac surgery AKI development.

Outcomes based on induction regimens in pediatric kidney transplantation: a NAPRTCS and PHIS collaborative study.

Background: Induction agent used at the time of kidney transplant is often based upon center practice and recipient characteristics. We evaluated outcomes across induction therapies among children enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) transplant registry with data in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS).

Methods: This is a retrospective study of merged data from NAPRTCS and PHIS.

Serologic response to COVID-19 infection or vaccination in pediatric kidney transplant recipients compared to healthy children.

Background: Differences in serologic response to COVID-19 infection or vaccination were reported in adult kidney transplant recipients (KTR) compared to non-immunocompromised patients. This study aims to compare the serologic response of naturally infected or vaccinated pediatric KTR to that of controls.

Methods: Thirty-eight KTR and 42 healthy children were included; aged ≤18 years, with a previously confirmed COVID-19 infection or post COVID-19 vaccination.

Approach to acute kidney injury following paediatric kidney transplant.

Purpose Of Review: In a child with evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following renal transplantation, it is important to quickly and accurately diagnose the cause to enable timely initiation of therapeutic interventions. The following article will discuss the differential diagnosis of acute graft dysfunction in paediatric kidney transplant recipients. This review will systematically guide the clinician through the common and less common causes and provide updates on current treatments.

Urinary HER2, TWEAK and VCAM-1 levels are associated with new-onset proteinuria in paediatric lupus nephritis.

Objective: Lupus nephritis is a key driver of morbidity and mortality in SLE. Detecting active nephritis on a background of pre-existing renal damage is difficult, leading to potential undertreatment and accumulating injury. An unmet need is a biomarker that distinguishes active lupus nephritis, particularly important in paediatrics where minimising invasive procedures is desirable.

Pediatric Kidney Transplantation-Can We Do Better? The Promise and Limitations of Epitope/Eplet Matching.

Kidney transplant is the optimal treatment for end-stage kidney disease as it offers significant survival and quality of life advantages over dialysis. While recent advances have significantly improved early graft outcomes, long-term overall graft survival has remained largely unchanged for the last 20 years. Due to the young age at which children receive their first transplant, most children will require multiple transplants during their lifetime.

When Dialysis "Becomes Life": Pediatric Caregivers' Lived Experiences Obtained From Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures.

Introduction: Qualitative research reveals significant caregiver impact resulting from managing children requiring chronic dialysis but offers few quantitative measures of their lived experiences.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 25 caregivers of children on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) enrolled from 2018 to 2019 at a large pediatric dialysis program in the U.S.

Dipping at home: is it better, easier, and more convenient? A feasibility and acceptability study of a novel home urinalysis using a smartphone application.

Background: Monitoring proteinuria in patients with kidney disease is of crucial importance given its implications for long-term disease progression and clinical management. Leveraging digital health technology to provide a clinical grade urinalysis result from home holds the potential to greatly enhance the clinical experience and workflows for patients, caregivers, and providers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a home-based urinalysis kit using a smartphone application.

Long-term outcome among females with Alport syndrome from a single pediatric center.

Background: Alport syndrome (AS) is a multisystem condition which can result in progressive kidney disease, hearing loss, and ocular changes. X-linked inheritance is observed in 85% of affected individuals. As a result, most prior studies have focused on males.

Acute Kidney Injury in Children after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Is Associated with Elevated Urine CXCL10 and CXCL9.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is nearly universally associated with worse outcomes, especially among children after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). Our objective was to examine urinary immune biomarkers of AKI after HCT to provide insights into novel mechanisms of kidney injury in this population. Studying patients undergoing allogeneic HCT provides a unique opportunity to examine immune markers of AKI because the risk of AKI is high and the immune system newly develops after transplant.

Imaging studies in pediatric fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD): a single-center experience.

Background: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-inflammatory vascular disease that in children unlike in adults shows no sex predilection. FMD is often underdiagnosed, and its pathophysiology is unclear. Delayed diagnosis may lead to refractory hypertension and decreases the chance of successful treatment.

Salt, sweat, and unclear? Diaphoresis and hypernatremia in end-stage kidney disease: Questions.

This quiz will discuss two patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on dialysis presenting with diaphoresis and hypernatremia.

Impact of Pediatric Chronic Dialysis on Long-Term Patient Outcome: Single Center Study.

Objective. Owing to a shortage of kidney donors in Israel, children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) may stay on maintenance dialysis for a considerable time, placing them at a significant risk. The aim of this study was to understand the causes of mortality.

Apnea induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection is not associated with viral invasion of the central nervous system.

We aimed to study whether direct central nervous system invasion is responsible for the neurologic manifestations seen in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Cerebrospinal fluid from infants with RSV infection was tested for the detection of the following respiratory RNA viruses: RSV, influenza A and B, pandemic influenza H1N1, Parainfluenza-3, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, parechovirus and enterovirus. All children tested negative for the presence of viral material in the cerebrospinal fluid.

[Prevalence of H1N1 A influenza virus infection among hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis twelve months old and younger].

Background: Many pathogens have been reported to ause bronchiolitis during the winter season including he respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, oetapneumovirus, etc. The last H1N1 A influenza pandemic ccurred during the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) eason. The role of the pandemic influenza strain as a ause of bronchiolitis was not documented.

Assessment of cognitive and adaptive behaviour among individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis.

Aim: Individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) are reported to have mental retardation* but to our knowledge no detailed study on the subject has ever been published. The present study assessed and documented cognitive and adaptive behaviour among Arab Bedouin children with CIPA.

Methods: Twenty-three Arab Bedouin children (12 females, 11 males) with CIPA aged between 3 and 17 years (mean 9 y 7 mo, SD 4 y 2 mo) were assessed.