Correction: Prevention of obesity in toddlers (PROBIT): a randomised clinical trial of responsive feeding promotion from birth to 24 months.

In the original Article, Dr. Laura Fontana's name was missing from the author list. This has been corrected (Dr.

Excessive pricing in the pharmaceutical industry: adding another string to the bow of EU competition law.

The paper addresses the issue of excessive price abuse under Article 102(a) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), by drawing inspiration from a recent stream of cases (developed first at the national and then at the EU level) involving pharmaceutical companies marketing off-patent drugs. In particular, the two 'most advanced' cases are analysed: Aspen in Italy and Pfizer/Flynn in the United Kingdom. This new-found attention towards exploitative practices in the form of excessive and unfair pricing by dominant undertakings that have traditionally been subject to a cautious antitrust scrutiny seems worth exploring for a number of reasons, as illustrated in the paper.

Prevention of obesity in toddlers (PROBIT): a randomised clinical trial of responsive feeding promotion from birth to 24 months.

Introduction: The aims of the PROBIT trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03131284) were to prevent overweight or obesity occurring at two years of life, and improve feeding patterns during infancy.

Methods: The trial compared 252 northern Italian newborns whose paediatricians offered their parents an educational programme from the child's birth to the age of two years (intervention arm) with 216 newborns whose parents did not undergo the programme (control arm).

Postsurgical Approaches in Low-Grade Oligodendroglioma: Is Chemotherapy Alone Still an Option?

Background: Patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) with isocitrate dehydrogenase () mutation (mut) and 1p19q codeletion (codel) have a median overall survival of longer than 10 years. The aim of this study is to assess the role of postsurgical treatments.

Subjects, Materials, And Methods: We evaluated patients with LGGs with mut and 1p19q codel; was performed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

The role of clinical and molecular factors in low-grade gliomas: what is their impact on survival?

Aim: To evaluate relevance of clinical and molecular factors in adult low-grade gliomas (LGG) and to correlate with survival.

Methods: We reviewed records from adult LGG patients from 1991 to 2015 who received surgery and had sufficient tissue to molecular biomarkers characterization.

Results: 213 consecutive LGG patients were included: 17.

Role of Methylation Status at Time of Diagnosis and Recurrence for Patients with Glioblastoma: Clinical Implications.

Background: methylation status represents a powerful prognostic factor in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Recently, its role in recurrent tumors has also been suggested; however, few data investigating the stability of this biomarker during the clinical course of the disease are available. In this study, we evaluated the rate of change of methylation status between diagnosis and first recurrence in patients who received tumor resection for recurrent GBM.

Aortic Epithelioid Angiosarcoma after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

We report a case of epithelioid angiosarcoma of the abdominal aortic wall after endovascular treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR). A 60-year-old male, treated 7 years before with EVAR, presented with abdominal back pain, general fatigue, and fever. It was assumed to be a graft infection with periaortic tissue compatible with an inflammatory reaction.

Adjuvant chemotherapy in adult medulloblastoma: is it an option for average-risk patients?

The standard treatment in children with average-risk medulloblastoma (MB) is reduced-dose radiotherapy (RT) followed by chemotherapy. However, in adults, there is no agreement on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. We performed a retrospective analysis of adult MB patients with average-risk disease, defined as no postsurgical residual (or ≤1.

Patient outcomes following second surgery for recurrent glioblastoma.

Background: The most appropriate management of recurrent glioblastoma is still controversial. In particular, the role of surgery at recurrence remains uncertain.

Patients & Methods: From our Institutional data warehouse we analyzed 270 consecutive patients who received second surgery for recurrent glioblastoma, to assess survival after second surgery, and to evaluate prognostic factors.

The effect of re-operation on survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Background: Treatment options for glioblastoma (GBM) at recurrence have limited efficacy. Re-surgery has been used for confirmation of recurrent disease and to provide relief of symptoms but the real impact on survival is unknown.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for GBM patients followed between 01/2005 and 06/2010 at our Institution.

Surgery for acute lower limb ischemia in the elderly population: results of a comparative study.

Background: To evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment of acute lower limb ischemia in elderly patients. The primary endpoints were early and midterm rates of survival and limb salvage.

Methods: A retrospective analysis involving 76 consecutive patients observed for acute lower limb ischemia between March 2005 and December 2008 who underwent revascularization was conducted.

Intrasac fibrin glue injection after platinum coils placement: the efficacy of a simple intraoperative procedure in preventing type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair.

Objectives: To verify in our experience if fibrin glue injection into the aneurysm sac, made at the end of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), can reduce type II endoleak rates.

Methods: Between January 2005 and February 2008, 38 patients underwent EVAR for an unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. The first 20 consecutive patients (Group A) had standard EVAR while the last 18 patients (Group B) had EVAR with fibrin glue injection into the sac, regardless of type II endoleak's presence.

Quantification of chloride channel 2 (CLCN2) gene isoforms in normal versus lesion- and epilepsy-associated brain tissue.

The chloride channel 2 (CLCN2) gene codes for a protein organized in N- and C-terminal regions with regulatory functions and a transmembrane region which forms the ring of the pore. Mutations in the gene have previously been described in patients with idiopathic familial epilepsy. In this study we looked for new isoforms of CLCN2 and we estimated expression levels by real time PCR in brain tissue containing epileptic foci.

Combined HSV-TK/IL-2 gene therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: biological and clinical results.

Following our pilot clinical study of combined IL-2/HSV-TK gene therapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we extended the protocol to a larger population of patients and evaluated safety, feasibility, and biological activity of treatment. A total of 12 patients received intratumor injection of retroviral vector-producing cells (RVPCs), followed by intravenous ganciclovir (GCV). Treatment was well tolerated with only minor adverse events.

Efficacy and feasibility of standard procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in anaplastic oligodendroglioma and oligoastrocytoma recurrent after radiotherapy. A Phase II study.

Background: To the authors' knowledge, there is a scarcity of accurate data regarding the feasibility of standard chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) in a homogeneous series of patients with primary anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and oligoastrocytoma (AOA) that was recurrent after surgery and standard radiotherapy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the overall response rate, toxicity, and time to progression (TTP) with the use of standard PCV in this setting.

Methods: Between November 1994 and September 2000, 37 patients were enrolled in the current study.

Carotid stenting with filter protection. Correlation of ACT values with angiographic and histopathologic findings.

Background And Purpose: Filter cerebral protection during carotid stenting has been proposed as a new tool to reduce brain embolism. Angiographic findings (filter patency), pathological analysis of the collected materials inside the filters and coagulation parameters were analyzed to identify potential down sides in the use of these protection devices.

Methods: 29 consecutive endovascular treatments with filter cerebral protection in 27 patients affected by symptomatic internal carotid stenosis>70% were considered.

Chemotherapy in patients with recurrent and progressive central neurocytoma.

Background: Recurrent central neurocytoma is very rare and to the authors' knowledge data regarding its response to chemotherapy currently are not available.

Methods: Three patients with progressive neurocytoma received chemotherapy after their informed consent was obtained. Disease recurred in two patients after surgery and radiotherapy and in one patient after surgery.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as a lumbosacral intradural-extramedullary mass.

The subject of this paper is a 2-year-old child with progressive paraparesis. MRI showed a large lumbosacral intradural-extramedullary mass and the histological diagnosis was Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The histopathological and neuroradiological findings are discussed.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of the epididymis in infancy: case report and review of the literature.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, benign tumor that usually involves the upper or lower jaw, but it may also arise in other sites. We describe a case of MNTI located in the left epididymis of a 6-month-old boy. Left orchiectomy was performed.

[Staphylococcal infection in the newborn: teicoplanin therapy].

Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly in neonatal patients, have increased dramatically over the past 10 years. In the present study 19 newborns (7 at term, 12 preterm) with proven staphylococcal infection were treated with teicoplanin, after a previous ineffective antibiotic treatment (amikacin+oxacillin or third-generation cephalosporin). Bacterial eradication and clinical cure were achieved in all neonates.

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in the normal human kidney: a possible role in protecting cell membranes.

Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury. It is generally accepted that selenium-glutathione peroxidases form an integrated system defending the living organism against oxidative damage. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) is thought to play a prominent role in preventing lipid peroxidation.

Panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with neuropathologic features similar to Pick's disease.

The panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is characterized by a serious degeneration of the white matter in addition to the other pathological features of the classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The clinical and neuropathological findings of a new case are described in a woman aged 62, who died after a year of illness. The brain appeared seriously affected by atrophy and white matter degeneration.

[Ceftazidime in common infections in childhood. Experience in 262 cases].

We analyzed the clinical data collected from an open multicentre study (in 40 Hospital and University centres) with aim to evaluate clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety of Ceftazidime (CTZ) in common infections of pediatric patients. The data were from 262 patients (137 M, 125 F) mean age 5.13 +/- 3.

[Carotid thromboendarterectomy. Comparison of two anesthesiologic techniques].

The authors have examined two homogeneous groups of patients suffering from "carotid stenosis", operated by TEAC with two different techniques of anaesthesia: general and local-regional (block). Neurological and cardiovascular complications have been recorded in pre and post-operative period. The results analysed statistically with the Pearson test, were homogeneous.