Point-of-care lung ultrasound for continuous positive airway pressure discontinuation in preterm infants.

Objective: To determine if the lung ultrasound score (LUS) is predictive of successful continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) discontinuation in preterm neonates born <32 weeks' gestation with history of respiratory distress syndrome.

Study Design: Retrospective study of preterm infants requiring CPAP. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression performed to formulate a predictive score using clinical variables with and without LUS.

Taxonomic and metabolic characterisation of biofilms colonising Roman stuccoes at Baia's thermal baths and restoration strategies.

Stuccoes are very delicate decorative elements of Roman age. Very few of them survived almost intact to present days and, for this reason, they are of great interest to restorers and conservators. In this study, we combined metabarcoding and untargeted metabolomics to characterise the taxonomic and metabolic profiles of the microorganisms forming biofilms on the stuccoes located on the ceiling of the laconicum, a small thermal environment in the archaeological park of Baia (southern Italy).

Quantitative lung ultrasound findings correlate with radial alveolar count in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

We investigated the relationship between the degree of alveolarization and ultrasound-assessed lung aeration in a validated preterm rabbit model of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Lung ultrasound findings were heterogeneously abnormal and consisted of zones with interstitial, interstitial-alveolar or consolidated patterns. The median radial alveolar count was 10.

Effect of different CPAP levels on ultrasound-assessed lung aeration and gas exchange in neonates.

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnoea (TTN) are the two commonest neonatal respiratory disorders. The optimal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat them is unknown. We aim to clarify the effect of different CPAP levels on lung aeration and gas exchange in patients with RDS and TTN.

Neonatal reference values and nomograms of systemic vascular resistances estimated with electrical cardiometry.

Objective: Scanty data are available about neonatal systemic vascular resistances (SVR). We aim to provide reference values and nomograms for neonatal SVR.

Design: Multicenter, cross-sectional,descriptive study performed in France and Italy.

Spatiotemporal changes of pelagic food webs investigated by environmental DNA metabarcoding and connectivity analysis.

Environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA metaB) is fundamental for monitoring marine biodiversity and its spread in coastal ecosystems. We applied eDNA metaB to seawater samples to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of plankton and small pelagic fish, comparing sites with different environmental conditions across a coast-to-offshore gradient at river mouths along the Campania coast (Italy) over 2 years (2020-2021). We found a marked seasonality in the planktonic community at the regional scale, likely owing to the hydrodynamic connection among sampling sites, which was derived from numerical simulations.

Blinding Assessments in Neonatal Ventilation Meta-Analyses: A Systematic Meta-Epidemiological Review.

Introduction: Randomization and blinding are generally important in randomized trials. In neonatology, blinding of ventilation strategies is unfeasible if not impossible and we hypothesized that its importance has been overestimated, while the peculiarities of the neonatal patient and the specific outcomes have not been considered.

Methods: For this meta-epidemiological review, we searched PubMed and Scopus databases in November 2023.

Quantitative Lung Ultrasonography to Guide Surfactant Therapy in Neonates Born Late Preterm and Later.

Importance: Surfactant administration may be needed in late preterm through full-term neonates, but the pathophysiology of their respiratory failure can be different from that of early preterm neonates. The lung ultrasonography score (LUS) is accurate to guide surfactant replacement in early preterm neonates, but to our knowledge, it has not yet been studied in the late preterm through full-term neonatal population.

Objective: To assess whether LUS is equally accurate to predict surfactant need in late preterm through full-term neonates as in early preterm neonates.

The Multifaceted Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections in Young Children on the Family: A European Study.

Introduction: Since the majority of hospitalisations due to RSV occur in young children, the illness profoundly influences the entire family. However, comprehensive evidence regarding its overall effects remains limited. The ResQ Family study aims to investigate the burden of RSV-induced pediatric hospitalisation on affected families.

Skin thickness in preterm neonates: relationship with skin bilirubin and predicted mortality.

This study investigates the relationship between the thickness of skin in preterm infants and its link with bilirubin and mortality, as this may help understanding the potential deleterious effects of phototherapy. Observational, prospective cohort study enrolling preterm neonates needing phototherapy and admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and blood bilirubin were simultaneously measured before the onset of phototherapy, if any.

NIV-NAVA versus non-invasive respiratory support in preterm neonates: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To analyze the clinical and physiological outcomes of NIV-NAVA in preterm infants compared with other non-invasive respiratory support.

Study Design: We conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs and randomized crossover studies comparing NIV-NAVA to other non-invasive strategies in preterm neonates.

Results: NIV-NAVA was superior to other non-invasive support in maximum EAdi (MD - 0.