Oxygen transfer and gas holdup in airlift bioreactors assembled with helical flow promoters.

Bioreactors can perform biochemical conversions mediated by biocatalysts, such as enzymes, animal cells, plants, and microorganisms. Among several existing models, airlift bioreactors are devices with the low shear environment and good mass transfer with low energy consumption, employed in several biochemical processes. The fluid flow is enabled through air injection by the sparger located at the bioreactor base.