Phlorotannin-Rich Seaweed Extract Inhibits Influenza Infection.

Seaweed-derived compounds are a renewable resource utilised in the manufacturing and food industry. This study focuses on an enriched seaweed extract (ESE) isolated from The ESE was screened for antiviral activity by plaque reduction assays against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 (PR8), A/X-31 H3N2 (X31) and A/England/195/2009 H1N1 (Eng195), resulting in the complete inhibition of infection. Time of addition assays and FACS analysis were used to help determine the modes of action.

The effect of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity in severe models of COVID-19.

Objectives: Immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to severe COVID-19 and potentially contribute to the emergence of variants with altered pathogenicity due to persistent infection. This study investigated the impact of immunosuppression on SARS-CoV-2 infection in k18-hACE2 mice and the effectiveness of antiviral treatments in this context during the first 7 days of infection.

Methods: Mice were immunosuppressed using cyclophosphamide and infected with a B daughter lineage of SARS-CoV-2.

The Stereotypic Response of the Pulmonary Vasculature to Respiratory Viral Infections: Findings in Mouse Models of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A and Gammaherpesvirus Infections.

The respiratory system is the main target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) where acute respiratory distress syndrome is considered the leading cause of death. Changes in pulmonary blood vessels, among which an endothelialitis/endotheliitis has been particularly emphasized, have been suggested to play a central role in the development of acute lung injury. Similar vascular changes are also observed in animal models of COVID-19.

Mutagenic Analysis of Hazara Nairovirus Nontranslated Regions during Single- and Multistep Growth Identifies both Attenuating and Functionally Critical Sequences for Virus Replication.

Hazara nairovirus (HAZV) is a member of the family in the order and closely related to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, which is responsible for severe and fatal human disease. The HAZV genome comprises three segments of negative-sense RNA, named S, M, and L, with nontranslated regions (NTRs) flanking a single open reading frame. NTR sequences regulate RNA synthesis and, by analogy with other segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, may direct activities such as virus assembly and innate immune modulation.