Horizontal root fracture in a maxillary central incisor: a case report.

Horizontal root fractures usually are characterized by a fracture line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth's root. Root fractures are diagnosed through clinical and radiographic examination. Treatment depends on the position of the fracture and the extent of root involvement.

Assessment of canal walls after biomechanical preparation of root canals instrumented with Protaper Universal rotary system.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the instrumented walls of root canals prepared with the ProTaper Universal rotary system.

Material And Methods: Twenty mesiobuccal canals of human first mandibular molars were divided into 2 groups of 10 specimens each and embedded in a muffle system. The root canals were transversely sectioned 3 mm short of the apex before preparation and remounted in their molds.

Evaluation of the centreing ability of the ProTaper Universal rotary system in curved roots in comparison to Nitiflex files.

The aim of the present study was to assess the centreing ability of the ProTaper Universal rotary system in curved roots in comparison to Nitiflex files, by means of preoperative and postoperative imaging of a cross-section of the apical third. Twenty mesiobuccal canals of human first mandibular molars with a degree of curvature ranging from 35 degrees to 60 degrees were divided into two groups of 10 specimens each: group 1, ProTaper Universal rotary system; group 2 (control), Nitiflex files. All instruments produced morphological alterations.