Attachment Status Affects Heart Rate Responses to Experimental Ostracism in Inpatients with Depression.

Depression is assumed to be both a risk factor for rejection and a result of it, and as such constitutes an important factor in rejection research. Attachment theory has been applied to understand psychological disorders, such as depression, and can explain individual differences in responses to rejection. Research on autonomic nervous system activity to rejection experiences has been contradictory, with opposing strings of argumentation (activating vs.

Contrasting chronic with episodic depression: an analysis of distorted socio-emotional information processing in chronic depression.

Background: The specific features that differentiate chronic and episodic depression are widely unknown. This study compares the chronic and episodic form of depression with regard to two domains of socio-emotional information processing: Decoding of other people's emotional states (Theory of Mind) and the perception of own emotions (alexithymia).

Method: This study compares 30 chronically and 29 episodically depressed patients by tapping into Theory of Mind deficits with a multi-method approach and by assessing alexithymic deficits.

Quality of marital relationship and depression: results of a 10-year prospective follow-up study.

Background: Although the long-term course of depression has been intensively examined, there are only few studies on the long-term development of depressed patients' spousal relationships. The aim of the study was to assess the quality and stability of depressed patients' spousal relationships in the long-term course of depression and to identify predictors of relationship outcome.

Methods: In the study, 50 inpatients with Major Depression were followed-up one, two and ten years after discharge from hospital and compared to a healthy control group matched by age and sex.

Hippocampal volume in first episode and recurrent depression.

Abnormalities in limbic-thalamic-cortical networks are hypothesized to modulate human mood states. In the present study differences in hippocampal volumes of patients with a first episode of depression, recurrent major depression and healthy control subjects were examined with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Male patients with a first episode of major depression had a significantly smaller left hippocampal volume than male control subjects.

Hippocampal volume and 2-year outcome in depression.

Although the hippocampus has been found to be smaller in people with depression, the clinical relevance of this is unclear. We investigated hippocampal volume (using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging) and 2-year outcome in 57 patients with major depression. The left and right hippocampal volumes of patients with a depression relapse were significantly smaller than those of healthy controls.

Expressed emotion, perceived criticism and 10-year outcome of depression.

Outcome studies of patients suffering from depression indicate a high relapse rate and a tendency towards chronicity. A family atmosphere characterised by expressed emotion (EE) and perceived criticism (PC) was reported to be a robust predictor of outcome in affective disorders. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between EE, PC and long-term outcome of depression.

Life events and hippocampal volume in first-episode major depression.

Background: There are many studies on life events in depression and also several studies examining brain structural changes in the hippocampus of depressed patients. However, only few studies have focused on the association of life events and hippocampal volume in depression. The hypothesis of a significant negative association between life events and hippocampal volumes in first episode depression was examined.

Knowledge about affective disorders and outcome of depression.

Background: For affective disorders, imparting information about the illness has become standard treatment. Despite the great clinical relevance of knowledge about depression, few empirical studies on this subject have been carried out. The aim of the study was to identify the prognostic value of knowledge about affective disorders for the two year outcome of depression.

[Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the temperament questionnaire TEMPS-A].

One aim of the present study was the psychometric evaluation of the German version of the questionnaire TEMPS-A of Akiskal, Mundt, Maier and Angst , which explores five affective temperaments. Another aim was to create a short version of the questionnaire. For that purpose the TEMPS-A was filled in by n = 62 in-patients who suffered from Major Depression.

[The exploration of the depressive personality disorder].

Lately the concept of the depressive personality disorder has been regarded more often again in the context of chronic and subthreshold forms of depression. The purpose of the present study was the psychometric evaluation of a German version of the "Depressive Personality Disorder Inventory" (DPDI), which is a questionnaire for the exploration of the depressive personality disorder. A total of 138 depressive patients and controls were included in the study.

[Efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy for children and adolescents with depression].

Depression is highly prevalent in children and adolescents. Psychodynamic therapies are only insufficiently evaluated in this field although many children and adolescents suffering from depression are treated using this approach. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy (PSTP) for the treatment of depression in children and adolescents.