Use Motives of Patients with Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Introduction: There is a frequent comorbidity of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) use disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The assumption that this patient group "self-medicate" suggests that there are different use motives for ATS addicted patients with and without ADHD.

Objective: Our study investigates these potential differences in use motives.

Intimal and medial arterial changes defined by ultra-high-frequency ultrasound: Response to changing risk factors in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are exposed to both traditional 'Framingham' and uremia related cardiovascular risk factors that drive atherosclerotic and arteriosclerotic disease, but these cannot be differentiated using conventional ultrasound. We used ultra-high-frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) to differentiate medial thickness (MT) from intimal thickness (IT) in CKD patients, identify their determinants and monitor their progression.

Methods: Fifty-four children and adolescents with CKD and 12 healthy controls underwent UHFUS measurements using 55-70MHz transducers in common carotid and dorsal pedal arteries.

Effects of nutritional vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone and mineral metabolism in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: We investigated the effects of nutritional vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone and mineral metabolism, i.e. serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), Klotho, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and sclerostin, in two cohorts with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Development and Validation of the Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Motive Questionnaire in a Clinical Population.

Approximately 35.7 million people world-wide use amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) leading to a high demand for effective treatment. Understanding the motives behind ATS use is a necessary basis for preventive and therapeutic treatment.

Early Effects of Renal Replacement Therapy on Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children With End-Stage Kidney Disease: Findings From the 4C-T Study.

Background: The early impact of renal transplantation on subclinical cardiovascular measures in pediatric patients has not been widely investigated. This analysis is performed for pediatric patients participating in the prospective cardiovascular comorbidity in children with chronic kidney disease study and focuses on the early effects of renal replacement therapy (RRT) modality on cardiovascular comorbidity in patients receiving a preemptive transplant or started on dialysis.

Methods: We compared measures indicating subclinical cardiovascular organ damage (aortal pulse wave velocity, carotid intima media thickness, left ventricular mass index) and evaluated cardiovascular risk factors in 166 pediatric patients before and 6 to 18 months after start of RRT (n = 76 transplantation, n = 90 dialysis).

Factors associated with cardiovascular target organ damage in children after renal transplantation.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the second-most common cause of death in pediatric renal transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical cardiovascular target organ damage defined as the presence of arterio- and atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac remodeling and to analyze contributing risk factors in a large cohort of children after renal transplantation (RT).

Methods: A total of 109 children aged 13.

Cardiovascular Phenotypes in Children with CKD: The 4C Study.

Background And Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the most important comorbidity affecting long-term survival in children with CKD.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: The Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD Study is a multicenter, prospective, observational study in children ages 6-17 years old with initial GFR of 10-60 ml/min per 1.73 m.

Genetic, Environmental, and Disease-Associated Correlates of Vitamin D Status in Children with CKD.

Background And Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in children with CKD. We sought to investigate the association of genetic disposition, environmental factors, vitamin D supplementation, and renal function on vitamin D status in children with CKD.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, and 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D concentrations were measured cross-sectionally in 500 children from 12 European countries with CKD stages 3-5.

Genetic loci associated with renal function measures and chronic kidney disease in children: the Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression Consortium.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is characterized by rapid progression and a high incidence of end-stage renal disease and therefore constitutes an important health problem. While unbiased genetic screens have identified common risk variants influencing renal function and CKD in adults, the presence and identity of such variants in pediatric CKD are unknown.

Methods: The international Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression (PediGFR) Consortium comprises three pediatric CKD cohorts: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD), Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on the Progression of CRF in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE) and Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD (4C).

Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Reference Values for the Vicorder Device and Modifying Factors.

Background: Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness, independently predicts cardiovascular mortality risk in adults. Arterial stiffening advances with age and seems accelerated in children with certain disease conditions such as chronic kidney disease or diabetes. The Vicorder, an oscillometric device to measure PWV, has been validated in children, but reference values in a large pediatric cohort, association to carotid stiffness and influence of individual and family risk factors have not been determined.