Pembrolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Immunotherapy has a crucial role in the current treatment of multiple malignancies. Albeit described as rare, new onset autoimmune diabetes is a potentially life-threatening complication of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, and its predisposing factors and pathological mechanism are yet to be clarified.

Case Report: We present a case of a 72-year-old man with a high-grade bladder carcinoma undergoing pembrolizumab treatment.

(Rubiaceae): antioxidant and anti-inflammatory plant with quercetin and esters of p-coumaric acid.

(Rubiaceae) is a genus known for its diverse range of bioactive compounds, with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Cham. & Schltdl.

IgG4-Related Disease: A Rare Case of Simultaneous Lung and Retroperitoneal Involvement.

Immunoglobin G4-related disease is a progressive immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition that can affect any organ, causing a tumor-like swelling appearance. We present a case of a 57-year-old male who presented with a one-month history of weight loss, constant abdominal pain with dorsal irradiation, night sweats, and respiratory symptoms. CT scan revealed multiple mediastinal and retroperitoneal adenopathies, right pulmonary consolidation, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Self-Care in Patients with Non-Optimal Diabetes Management in Brazilian Rural Areas: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Purpose: This study aims to assess self-care in patients with non-optimal diabetes management (HbA1c >7.0% for adults and >8.0 for those aged 60 or over) and the positive and negative experiences associated with it in the rural communities of a Brazilian municipality.

Symmetry of carious lesions in primary and permanent teeth in children as a predictor of future caries patterns.

This study evaluated the bilateral symmetry of carious lesions in the primary and permanent teeth of children. The clinical records of patients aged 3 to 14 years who had carious lesions were evaluated. Dental caries was assessed using the modified decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index, and the biofilm was assessed using the O'Leary plaque control record.

Improving Access to the Glycated Hemoglobin Test in Rural Communities With Point-of-Care Devices: An Application Study.

Living in a rural or remote area is frequently associated with impaired access to health services, which directly affects the possibility of early diagnosis and appropriate monitoring of diseases, mainly non-communicable ones, because of their asymptomatic onset and evolution. Point-of-care devices have emerged as useful technologies for improving access to several laboratory tests closely patients' beds or homes, which makes it possible to eliminate the distance barrier. To evaluate the application of point-of-care technology for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) estimation in the assessment of glycemic control and identification of new diagnoses of diabetes in primary care among rural communities in a Brazilian municipality.

[Periodic occupational examination: an opportunity for diagnosis and monitoring of chronic noncommunicable diseases in men].

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension as the principal marker of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and to identify associated modifiable factors in male workers. Baseline data were used from a longitudinal study with a sample of 1,024 male workers 18 years or older in a municipality in Northeast Brazil. The marker for NCDs was arterial hypertension, defined as systolic pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥ 90mmHg and/or prior diagnosis of arterial hypertension and/or use of antihypertensive medication.

Comparison of cardiovascular risk calculators in patients with diabetes.

Objective: Cardiovascular risk stratification is an important clinical practice to estimate the severity of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to compare the stratification of global cardiovascular risk with the specific risk stratification for patients with type 2 diabetes, seen at specialized outpatient clinics, and to evaluate possible differences in diagnoses and treatments.

Methods: A total of 122 patients with type 2 diabetes treated at two specialized outpatient clinics, from 2017 to 2019, were studied.

Evaluation of blood pressure through home monitoring in brazilian primary care: a feasibility study.

Blood pressure measurements taken in a clinical setting are subject to errors, therefore there are advantages to monitoring blood pressure at home, especially in in patients diagnosed with hypertension. The study describes the feasibility of home monitoring to assess blood pressure in primary care and compares blood pressure measured at home and during a medical consultation. This cross-sectional study was carried out with patients whose used home blood pressure in the morning and evening, thrice for seven consecutive day sat home.

Community-Based Interventions to Improve the Control of Non-Communicable Diseases in Underserved Rural Areas in Brazil: A Before-and-After Study.

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the second and third highest leading causes of disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), respectively, in Brazil. The clinical outcomes of chronic diseases are influenced by various factors. Therefore, there is a need for multifaceted interventions to achieve a decrease in the rate of DALY, with a better control of these diseases.

Cost-Effectiveness of Point-of-Care A1C Tests in a Primary Care Setting.

We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the point-of-care A1c (POC-A1c) test device vs. the traditional laboratory dosage in a primary care setting for people living with type 2 diabetes. The Markov model with a 10-year time horizon was based on data from the HealthRise project, in which a group of interventions was implemented to improve diabetes and hypertension control in the primary care network of the urban area of a Brazilian municipality.

Covid-19 telescreening in SUS users with risk conditions: case report.

This case report aims to describe the conception and preliminary data of the implementation of a telescreening and telemonitoring program of covid-19 for users of the Unified Health System with risk conditions. A system of telerscreening was implemented through which undergraduate students in the health area contact patients by telephone, according to periodicity and predefined criteria, to monitor the evolution of the condition. In eight weeks, 2,190 attempts at remote contact were made with individuals from five health units.

Personal and familial factors associated with toilet training.

Purpose: Toilet training (TT) is an important marker in a child's physical and psychosocial development. The present study aimed to evaluate aspects associated to delayed TT.

Material And Methods: We interviewed 372 parents of children who had completed TT up to 48 months before the interview.

Community-based interventions for detection and management of diabetes and hypertension in underserved communities: a mixed-methods evaluation in Brazil, India, South Africa and the USA.

Introduction: As non-communicable disease (NCD) burden rises worldwide, community-based programmes are a promising strategy to bridge gaps in NCD care. The HealthRise programme sought to improve hypertension and diabetes management for underserved communities in nine sites across Brazil, India, South Africa and the USA between 2016 and 2018. This study presents findings from the programme's endline evaluation.

Saliva NMR metabolomics: Analytical issues in pediatric oral health research.

Objectives: Saliva metabolome is a promising diagnostic tool concerning oral and systemic diseases. We aimed at establishing a suitable protocol for saliva collection and gauging the relative impacts of gender, dentition stage, and caries on the saliva metabolome of a small children cohort.

Subjects And Methods: A nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics cross-sectional study of children saliva (n = 38) compared the effects of: (a) stimulation and unstimulation conditions, and (b) collection through passive drool and using an absorbing device.

Welfare indicators for laying Japanese quails caged at different densities.

In the way to reduce costs in the poultry production, high densities of birds are adopted in the production systems. Such high densities can lead to an inappropriate environment, compromising the welfare and decreasing the animal performance. In this work we aimed to evaluate the effects of different densities on the productive yield, egg quality and immunological aspects of Japanese quails.

Bovine meat and bone meal is an economically viable alternative in quail feeding in the initial phase.

Quail egg production has experienced a steep rise in the last decade. Nutrition is the main factor affecting productive potential in the poultry industry, as appropriate nutritional management is necessary to ensure the maintenance of optimal physical conditions, growth and the production of high quality products. Meat and bone meal (MBM) has often been used in the poultry industry as an alternative and cost-effective source of protein in partial replacement of corn and soybean meal.

Does the presence of sucrose in pediatric antibiotics influence the enamel mineral loss and the Streptococcus mutans counts in dental biofilm?

The role of antibiotics containing sucrose on the formation of dental caries is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two antibiotics (amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate suspension), with and without sucrose, on human dental hardness and Streptococcus mutans counts in dental biofilm. Primary tooth fragments (n=72) were coated with nail varnish leaving a window of 2.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting as a parotid gland abscess.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a small-vessel vasculitis consisting of necrotizing granulomatous lesions in airways and focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis. However, it may affect other sites such as the skin, central nervous system, eyes, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. We describe a rare case of GPA in which the initial manifestation was the involvement of the parotid gland mimicking a pyogenic abscess.

[Combined nutritional indicators and associated factors in the Quilombo population (hinterland settlements founded by people of African origin) in southwestern Bahia, Brazil].

This study sought to estimate the prevalence of the combination of Body Mass Index (BMI) plus Waist Circumference (WC) and of BMI plus Waist to Height Ratio (WHR) and to investigate associated factors. A two-stage random sample of adults (>20 years) living in former African slaves communities (Quilombos) was taken in Vitória da Conquista in the State of Bahia in 2011. Combined BMI+WHR nutritional risk was defined by the simultaneous presence of BMI > 25.

[Overweight and abdominal obesity in adults in aquilombocommunity in Bahia State, Brazil].

This study analyzes nutritional status, estimates the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity, and investigates factors associated with these outcomes in a two-stage random sample of adults (> 20 years) in quilombos (communities that descend from African slaves) in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2011. Among 739 participants, prevalence rates were 31.8% and 10.

In vitro effect of paediatric liquid medicines on deciduous enamel exposed to biofilm.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the in vitro effects of paediatric liquid medicines on deciduous enamel exposed to biofilms.

Methods: Fragments (n = 25) of first primary molars were covered by nail varnish, leaving a 22 mm(2) exposure area. Specimens were fixed in polystyrene plates containing BHI broth media.