Can the Urban Lifestyle Impact on Children BMI and Healthy Sleep?

Objectives: This study aimed to (i) compare children's lifestyle by urbanization level and (ii) examine the association between children's body mass index (BMI) and the risk of having unhealthy sleep (American Academy of Pediatrics).

Methods: Eight thousand one hundred fifty-nine children (4124 females) aged 6-9 years were observed and classified as urban or nonurban. Height and weight were measured, and the BMI was calculated.

Low Birth Weight and Related Metabolic Risk Factors, Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Physical Activity in Adolescents.

Background/objectives: The associations between low birth weight (LBW) and the aggregation of metabolic risk factors (MRF) in youth remain ambiguous. Thus, this study analysed the interrelationship among MRF, LBW, and behavioural factors in adolescents.

Methods: The sample of the present cross-sectional study comprised 491 youth (229 males, 262 females) aged 14-17 years.

Transporting difference-in-differences estimates to assess health equity impacts of payment and delivery models.

Objective: To demonstrate the use of transportability methods to extend findings from payment model evaluations to groups of historically underserved beneficiaries.

Study Setting And Design: We used a simulation study to transport the effects of the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) model to a target population of Black fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries living outside the original 18 CPC+ regions. Our main outcome variable was total Medicare spending per beneficiary per year (pbpy).

Sex Differences in Patients with Stroke: A Hospital-Based Multicenter Prospective Study in Brazil.

Introduction: Stroke in Brazil disproportionately affects women, despite men having higher age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates. Women's longer lifespan contributes to their increased stroke burden, particularly among older individuals.

Objective: This study examines sex disparities in stroke epidemiology and treatment in Fortaleza, Brazil, addressing the lack of sex-specific stroke data.

Detached epithelial cell plugs from the upper respiratory tract favour distal lung injury in Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) when experimentally infected with the A.2 Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 strain.

Background: The Golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), and macaques have been described as useful laboratory animals naturally susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Objectives: To study the mechanism of lung injury, we describe the histopathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Golden Syrian hamsters inoculated intranasally with the A.2 Brazilian strain.

Opicapone for the treatment of early wearing-off in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease: pooled analysis of patient level data from two randomized open-label studies.

Background: The wearing-off phenomenon is a key driver of medication change for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with levodopa. Common first-line options include increasing the levodopa dose or adding a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, but there are no trials comparing the efficacy of these approaches. We evaluated the effectiveness of adjunct opicapone versus an additional 100 mg levodopa dose in PD patients with early wearing-off using pooled data from 2 randomized studies.

Improved Interfacial Electron Dynamics with Block Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-Poly(styrene) Polymers for Efficient and Long-Lasting Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have recently entered the market for indoor photovoltaics. Fast electron injection from dye to titania, the lifetime of the excited dye, and the suppression of back electron recombination at the photoanode/electrolyte interface are crucial for a high photocurrent conversion efficiency (PCE). This study presents block copolymers of poly(4-vinylpyridine) and poly(styrene)-P4VP--PSt as efficient accelerators of electron injection from dye to titania with extended lifetime excited states and long-lasting back electron recombination suppression.

Potentially inappropriate anticholinergic drug use among older adults in primary healthcare: prevalence and determinants.

Background: Considering the vulnerability of older adults to adverse drug reactions, medications with strong anticholinergic properties are considered potentially inappropriate for this population. This study aims to characterize older adults' profile of anticholinergics use and to identify the factors associated with their potentially inappropriate use.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 1200 older adults in primary health care centers of Portugal between April 2021 and August 2022.

Caring for those who care: key challenges and improvement opportunities for health professionals working with children with disabilities.

This paper investigates the challenges faced by health professionals working with children with disabilities, with the aim of identifying areas for improvement. Employing a focus group method, the study involved knowledge levelling, discussions, problematization, cause formulation, and validation. A diverse team of ten professionals participated, including physiotherapists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, nursing technicians, and social workers.

Tracking lipid synthesis using 2H2O and 2H-NMR spectroscopy in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed with macroalgae.

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are used to upcycle biowaste into insect biomass for animal feed. Previous research on black soldier fly has explored the assimilation of dietary fatty acids (FAs), but endogenous FA synthesis and modification remain comparatively unexplored. This study presents a 1H/2H-NMR methodology for measuring lipid synthesis in black soldier fly larvae using diluted deuterated water (2H2O) as a stable isotopic tracer delivered through the feeding media.

Are sun exposure time, dietary patterns, and vitamin D intake related to the socioeconomic status of Portuguese children?

Objectives: To investigate the association among sun exposure time, vitamin D intake, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic status in Portuguese children.

Methods: Participants aged 3-11 years (50.1% females) were recruited from public and private schools (n = 118) in the districts of Coimbra (n = 2980), Lisbon (n = 3066), and Porto (n = 2426).

Analysis of the costs of teleconsultation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the SUS.

Objective: To present the results of a cost analysis of remote consultations (teleconsultations) compared to in-person consultations for patients with type 2 diabetes, in the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS) in the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina (SC). In addition to the costs from the local manager's perspective, the article also presents estimates from the patient's perspective, based on the transportation costs associated with each type of consultation.

Method: Data were collected from 246 consultations, both remote and in-person, between 2021 and 2023, in the context of a randomized clinical trial on the impact of teleconsultation carried out in the city of Joinville, SC.

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Reducing Variability in Practice through a Collaborative Telemedicine Initiative.

Objective:  This study aimed to assess the viability of implementing a tele-educational training program in neurocritical care for newborns diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH), with the goal of reducing practice variation.

Study Design:  Prospective study including newborns with HIE treated with TH from 12 neonatal intensive care units in Brazil conducted from February 2021 to February 2022. An educational intervention consisting of 12 biweekly, 1-hour, live videoconferences was implemented during a 6-month period in all centers.

Single-B cell analysis correlates high-lactate secretion with stress and increased apoptosis.

While cellular metabolism was proposed to be a driving factor of the activation and differentiation of B cells and the function of the resulting antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), the study of correlations between cellular metabolism and functionalities has been difficult due to the absence of technologies enabling the parallel measurement. Herein, we performed single-cell transcriptomics and introduced a direct concurrent functional and metabolic flux quantitation of individual murine B cells. Our transcriptomic data identified lactate metabolism as dynamic in ASCs, but antibody secretion did not correlate with lactate secretion rates (LSRs).

Biliothorax: A Rare Case of Dyspnea.

Biliothorax is the presence of bile in the pleural cavity. This condition is rare, and it usually results as a complication of hepatobiliary procedures. The authors present a case of an 87-year-old female who was admitted to the emergency department with the acute onset of severe dyspnea.

The Diagnosis of Albright's Osteodystrophy in a Case With Respiratory Failure.

Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy is a rare hereditary disease due to a mutation of the complex guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide. This condition is commonly associated with type 1A and 1C pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism due to resistance of parathyroid hormone. Patients present with specific characteristics such as brachydactyly, short stature, round facies, subcutaneous ossifications, developmental delay, and obesity, associated with hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.

Activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles in planktonic and biofilm-associated .

is a gram-positive bacterium and is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in small ruminants. This disease is characterized by the development of encapsulated granulomas in visceral and superficial lymph nodes, and its clinical treatment is refractory to antibiotic therapy. An important virulence factor of the genus is the ability to produce biofilm; however, little is known about the characteristics of the biofilm produced by and its resistance to antimicrobials.

The Caenorhabditis elegans neuroendocrine system and their modulators: An overview.

In this review we seek to systematically bring what has been published in the literature about the nervous system, endocrine system, neuroendocrine relationships, neuroendocrine modulations and endocrine disruptors in the alternative model Caenorhabditis elegans. The serotonergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitters are related to the modulation of the neuroendocrine axis, leading to the activation or inhibition of several processes that occur in the worm through distinct and interconnected pathways. Furthermore, this review addresses the gut-neuronal axis as it has been revealed in recent years that gut microbiota impacts on neuronal functions.

Comparing AGS Beers 2019, STOPP version 2, and EU(7)-PIM list in Portuguese older adults in primary health care.

Purpose: This study aims to identify PIM prevalence in older adults according to the 2019 Beers criteria, Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions version 2 (STOPP v2) criteria, and the Portuguese EU(7)-PIM list and also to analyze the concordance between these criteria.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 1200 Portuguese older adults (≥ 65 years old), users of primary health care. Demographic, clinical, and pharmacological data were collected concerning the period between April 2021 and August 2022.

A Brazilian series utilizing the SMASH-U system for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background:  Understanding the causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is crucial for effective treatment and preventing recurrences. The SMASH-U scale is a suggested method for classifying and predicting the outcomes of ICH.

Objective:  To describe the SMASH-U classification and outcomes by etiology in patients admitted to a comprehensive stroke center in São Paulo, Brazil.

Barriers and facilitators of health professionals in adopting digital health-related tools for medication appropriateness: A systematic review.

Objective: Digital health is described as the use and development of all types of digital technologies to improve health outcomes. It could be used to prevent medication errors, a priority for health systems worldwide. However, the adoption of such tools remains slow.