Evidence of Antibiotic Resistance from Population-Based Studies: A Narrative Review.

The 20th century witnessed the dawn of the antibiotic revolution and is now facing the rising phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. In this narrative review, we aim to describe antibiotic resistance in clinical practice settings through population-based studies from different countries reporting the role of misuse of antibiotics in the development of resistance and the clinical and economic burden associated. The misuse of antibiotics was documented in the wide population as well as in hospitals and care facilities.

Implications of COVID-19 Infection on Medication Adherence with Chronic Therapies in Italy: A Proposed Observational Investigation by the Fail-to-Refill Project.

Poor medication adherence leads to worsening of clinical outcomes and increases healthcare costs, especially in the context of chronic conditions. The effects of new COVID-19 infection and the measures taken in response to the outbreak are further increasing the concerns about medication adherence. Patients with chronic diseases, many of whom are older adults, have been strongly recommended to stay at home and avoid social contacts even with family members, who often provide support for regular use of therapies.

The protective variant rs7173049 at LOXL1 locus impacts on retinoic acid signaling pathway in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1) has been identified as the major effect locus in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a fibrotic disorder of the extracellular matrix and frequent cause of chronic open-angle glaucoma. However, all known PEX-associated common variants show allele effect reversal in populations of different ancestry, casting doubt on their biological significance. Based on extensive LOXL1 deep sequencing, we report here the identification of a common non-coding sequence variant, rs7173049A>G, located downstream of LOXL1, consistently associated with a decrease in PEX risk (odds ratio, OR = 0.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome-associated genetic variants affect transcription factor binding and alternative splicing of LOXL1.

Although lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) is known as the principal genetic risk factor for pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a major cause of glaucoma and cardiovascular complications, no functional variants have been identified to date. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association scan on 771 German PEX patients and 1,350 controls, followed by independent testing of associated variants in Italian and Japanese data sets. We focus on a 3.

Central corneal thickness and glaucoma treatment: an Italian multicenter cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Supposedly, prostaglandin analogs (PGA) could reduce the central corneal thickness (CCT), while topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (TCAI) could increase CCT. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinically significant CCT effects in patients treated with PGA or TCAI.

Methods: At least 50 glaucomatous patients were saved on the Italian Glaucoma Register from 16 different glaucoma centers.

Genome-wide association study with DNA pooling identifies variants at CNTNAP2 associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Genetic and nongenetic factors contribute to development of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a complex, age-related, generalized matrix process frequently associated with glaucoma. To identify specific genetic variants underlying its etiology, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a DNA-pooling approach. Therefore, equimolar amounts of DNA samples of 80 subjects with PEX syndrome, 80 with PEX glaucoma (PEXG) and 80 controls were combined into separate pools and hybridized to 500K SNP arrays (Affymetrix).

Apolipoprotein E genotypes in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Purpose: Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, an age-related, systemic, elastic microfibrillopathy, is characterized by fibrillar-granular deposits in the anterior segment of the eye. Although not representing a true amyloidosis, PEX syndrome shares some features with amyloid disorders, such as Alzheimer disease. It has been shown that amyloid-associated proteins also occur in association with PEX fibrils.

Exploring functional candidate genes for genetic association in german patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Purpose: Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a generalized elastic microfibrillopathy characterized by fibrillar deposits in intra- and extraocular tissues. Genetic and nongenetic factors are known to be involved in its etiopathogenesis. This study was focused on six functional candidate genes involved in PEX material deposition and the analysis of their potential association with PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma (PEXG).

Association of LOXL1 common sequence variants in German and Italian patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Purpose: Three common sequence variants in the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene were recently associated with both pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) in populations from Iceland and Sweden. In this study, the genetic association of these variants was investigated in patients with PEX or PEXG of German and Italian descent.

Methods: The three LOXL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one intronic (rs2165241) and two nonsynonymous coding SNPs (rs1048661: R141L and rs3825942: G153D) were genotyped in a total of 726 unrelated patients with PEX or PEXG (517 Germans and 209 Italians) and 418 healthy subjects who had normal findings in repeated ophthalmic examinations, and a genetic association study was performed.