A ternary eutectic solvent for cellulose nanocrystal production: exploring the recyclability and pre-pilot scale-up.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) formed using choline chloride (ChCl), -toluenesulfonic acid (TSA) of stoichiometry ChCl: pTSA (1:1) and (1:2), and its ternary eutectic mixtures with phosphoric acid (PA) 85% as an additive (ChCl: TSA: PA) were evaluated for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) isolation. Initially, the hydrolytic efficiency to produce CNC of each DES was compared before and after adding phosphoric acid by Hammett acidity parameters and the Gutmann acceptor number. Moreover, different DES molar ratios and reaction time were studied at 80°C for CNC optimization.

Solvent effects on the wood delignification with sustainable solvents.

Solutions of a pure organic solvent acidified with 1% sulfuric acid, and some of their aqueous mixtures were used for lignin extraction in the Pinus radiata sawdust delignification. Organic acid solvents including acetic, lactic and citric acids as well as non-acidic compounds such as γ-valerolactone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, glycerol and ethylene glycol were studied. Crude lignin extractions yields (%) ranging between ca.

Nucleophilic degradation of diazinon in thermoreversible polymer-polymer aqueous biphasic systems.

Although aqueous biphasic systems have been largely investigated in the separation and/or purification of biocompounds, their potential as reaction media to design integrated reaction-separation processes has been less explored. In this work aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of polypropylene glycol of molecular weight 400 g mol-1 (PPG 400) and different polyethylene glycols (PEGs) were characterized, and investigated for integrated reaction-separation processes, i.e.

Choline [Amino Acid] Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: A Triple Effect for the Degradation of an Organophosphorus Pesticide.

A series of ionic liquids (ILs) composed by choline (Ch) as a cation and different amino acids (AA) as anions and their respective aqueous mixtures were prepared using different [Ch][AA] contents in a range of 0.4-46 mol % IL. These solvents were used for the first time to achieve an eco-friendlier Paraoxon degradation.

Microwave-assisted nucleophilic degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in propylene carbonate.

Propylene carbonate is becoming a suitable green alternative to volatile organic solvents in the study of chemical reactions. In this study, an efficient method for nucleophilic degradation of five organophosphorus pesticides, fenitrothion, malathion, diazinon, parathion, and paraoxon, using propylene carbonate as a solvent is proposed. The effect of changing the nature of the nucleophile and the influence of microwave (MW) heating were investigated.

Efficient Nucleophilic Degradation of an Organophosphorus Pesticide "Diazinon" Mediated by Green Solvents and Microwave Heating.

An efficient strategy for the degradation of organophosphate pesticide Diazinon was investigated. In this work, ionic liquids, bio-based solvents, and two conventional organic solvents were used as reaction media. Kinetics studies by means of half-life (t,h) were followed by P NMR and the products analyzed by GC-MS, HPLC-MS and NMR techniques.

Dual function of amino acid ionic liquids (Bmim[AA]) on the degradation of the organophosphorus pesticide, Paraoxon®.

The synthesis of a series of ionic liquids using 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium (Bmim+) as a cation and different amino acids (AA) as anions (Bmim[AA]) is described. These ILs were used for the first time as reaction media to achieve more eco-friendly Paraoxon degradation. The results show that the degradation of Paraoxon in these Bmim[AA]s is accomplished with great efficiency and without an extra nucleophilic agent.

Correction: Reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids: the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of O,O-diethyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate triester with secondary alicyclic amines.

Correction for 'Reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids: the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of O,O-diethyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate triester with secondary alicyclic amines' by Paulina Pavez et al., Org. Biomol.

Reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids: the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of O,O-diethyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate triester with secondary alicyclic amines.

The reactions of O,O-diethyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl phosphate triester (1) with secondary alicyclic (SA) amines in the ionic liquids [Bmim]BF4 and [Bmim]DCA were subjected to a kinetic study. Eyring plots were obtained for the title reactions in the above ionic liquids (ILs) and also in aqueous ethanol (44 wt% ethanol). Two different reaction pathways were observed in [Bmim]BF4: nucleophilic attack at the phosphoryl center, SN2(P), and at the C-1 aromatic carbon, SN(Ar), where the product distribution remained constant and independent of the amine nature.

Toward a pK(a) scale of N-base amines in ionic liquids.

An electrochemical technique was used to investigate pKa values of some substituted secondary alicyclic (SA) amines, pyridines (py), anilines (AN), and triethylamine (Et3N) in different ionic liquids. The method involves cyclic voltammetry at a platinized Pt electrode. The experimental data were correlated with pKa values reported previously in aqueous solution, and Hammett parameters were correlated with pKa values in ionic liquids to determine ρ values in these media.

Mechanisms of degradation of paraoxon in different ionic liquids.

Herein, the reactivity and selectivity of the reaction of O,O-diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate triester (Paraxon, 1) with piperidine in ionic liquids (ILs), three conventional organic solvents (COS), and water is studied by (31)P NMR, UV-vis, and GC/MS. Three phosphorylated products are identified as follows: O,O-diethyl piperidinophosphate diester (2), O,O-diethyl phosphate (3), and O-ethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate diester (4). Compound 4 also reacts with piperidine to yield O-ethyl piperidinophosphate monoester (5).