The Effects of Subsidies for Healthy Foods on Food Purchasing Behaviors, Consumption Patterns, and Obesity/Overweight: A Systematic Review.

Context: Taxing unhealthy foods and drinks is an essential measure against the double burden of malnutrition that affects every nation worldwide. In turn, subsidizing the consumption of healthy foods can also be a critical measure for changing the population's behavior and improving health indicators.

Objective: A systematic review was conducted of food subsidies and their potential impact on food purchases, consumption, overweight/obesity, and changes in body mass index (BMI).

Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) Consumption in Energy-Restricted Intervention Decreases Proinflammatory Markers and Intestinal Permeability of Women with Overweight/Obesity: A Controlled Trial (Brazilian Nuts Study).

Background: Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The Brazil nut (BN) (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.

Tools developed in Brazil for the promotion and assessment of adequate and healthy eating habits: A scoping review.

The objective of this study was to identify and discuss the tools for the promotion and evaluation of adequate and healthy eating based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. The scoping review was conducted according to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO and LILACS. Sixteen studies on relevant tools, based on the food guide for individuals of all age groups, were thus included: two descriptive studies, two randomized clinical trial protocols, eleven methodological analyses, and one psychometric paper, aimed at either a focal population (n=12) or health professionals (n=4).

Urate-lowering effect of calcium supplementation: Analyses of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate if the gout-protective effect of low-fat dairy products could be attributed to the urate-lowering effect of calcium.

Methods: This is a placebo-controlled trial in which thirty-five adult (aged 18-42 years) female low-calcium consumers (<800 mg/d) were randomized to one of three treatment groups: low calcium breakfast (control, ∼70 mg of calcium/d) -C or high-calcium breakfast (∼770 mg/d) from calcium citrate - CIT or from skim milk - SM, during 45 consecutive days. Breakfasts were matched for potential confounders and were provided as part of an energy-restricted normoprotein diet containing an additional 800 mg of calcium/d.

Can avocado intake improve weight loss in adults with excess weight? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The effect of avocado (Persea Americana) on weight loss in people with excess body weight remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to test our hypothesis that the intake of avocado pulp may be a good strategy for improving anthropometric parameters and, consequently, metabolic health. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for studies published between database inception and July 2021.

Brazil and cashew nuts intake improve body composition and endothelial health in women at cardiometabolic risk (Brazilian Nuts Study): a randomized controlled trial.

Several mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effect of nuts on health. However, Brazil and cashew nuts remain the least studied. We aim to evaluate the effect of these nuts within an energy-restricted diet on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic markers, and endothelial function in cardiometabolic risk women.

Visceral adiposity index is positively associated with blood pressure: A systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between VAI and blood pressure.

Methods: The study was according to the PRISMA standards and the bibliographic search in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases.

Results: This review included 32 articles, with 60,482 individuals - children to elderly people between 7 and 102 years old - of different age groups, most of them female (54.

Can resveratrol modulate sirtuins in obesity and related diseases? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Human sirtuins can be a powerful therapeutic target in preventing and treating obesity and age-related diseases. Some dietary components can modulate sirtuins' activity, such as resveratrol. This systematic review aimed to assess whether resveratrol (RSV), without other interventions, can stimulate sirtuins in the treatment of excess weight and its comorbidities.

Acute consumption of a shake containing cashew and Brazil nuts did not affect appetite in overweight subjects: a randomized, cross-over study.

Purpose: Evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies suggests that nut consumption provides satiety and may contribute to the management of obesity. However, the effect of acute intake of nuts on appetite responses remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of a shake containing 30 g of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.

Triglyceride-glucose index predicts independently type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Objective: Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies evaluating the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as a tool for type 2 diabetes (T2D) prediction in adults and older adults.

Methods: Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Lilacs. Studies with cohort design, which evaluated the T2D incidence through the hazard ratio (HR) or relative risk (RR) or odds ratio values were included.

High-saturated fatty meals with orange juice intake have subjective appetite sensations suppressed: Acute, postprandial study.

Objective: To elucidate the acute effect of different high-fat meals accompanied by water or orange juice on subjective appetite sensations.

Methods: This acute, postprandial study included 39 healthy women (aged 20 to 40 years): 22 participants received a high-monounsaturated fat meal (MUFA) (≈1000 kcal, 56.3% Energy from MUFA) and 17 participants received a high-saturated fat meal (SFA) (≈1000 kcal, 37.

Dietary fatty acids as nutritional modulators of sirtuins: a systematic review.

Context: The sirtuins (SIRT1 to SIRT7) constitute a family of highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent proteins. When activated, sirtuins control essential cellular processes to maintain metabolic homeostasis, while lack of expression of sirtuins has been related to chronic disease.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the role of fat consumption as a modulator of human sirtuins.

Personalized Nutrition Using PROCARDIO to Reduce Cardiometabolic Risk in the Academic Community: A Study Protocol with Preliminary Results.

Strategies of promotion, prevention and health care of individuals with cardiometabolic risk are necessary to control cardiovascular diseases. To describe a study design and present partial results of nutritional counseling in the Cardiovascular Health Care Program (PROCARDIO). PROCARDIO is a nutritional intervention program for students and workers or dependents of the Brazilian university academic community who are at risk of or have a cardiovascular disease (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials n° RBR-5n4y2g).

Postprandial Lipid Response to High-Saturated and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals in Normal-Weight or Overweight Women.

Purpose: We evaluated postprandial response of the lipid metabolism markers after the intake of a high-saturated fat (HSM) or high-monounsaturated fat meal (HMM).

Methods: A randomized, controlled and acute intervention study included 63 women (age 26.9 ± 6.

Effects of blueberry and cranberry consumption on type 2 diabetes glycemic control: A systematic review.

The metabolic effects of cranberry and blueberry consumption on glycemic control have been evaluated and in animal models as well as in human studies, although findings have not been systematically reviewed yet. Therefore, a systematic review was carried out of relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in order to assess the effect of berries (blueberry and cranberry) consumption on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) glycemic control. Some evidences were also discussed on the anti-diabetic mechanisms exerted by berries polyphenols.

Orange juice modulates proinflammatory cytokines after high-fat saturated meal consumption.

We aimed to evaluate the postprandial secretion of inflammatory markers induced by SFA or MUFA high-fat meal consumption and whether orange juice intake could modulate this induction. This study included 55 healthy women (aged 20 to 40 years): 33 participants received an SFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 37.6% of energy intake (E) from SFA) and 22 participants received an MUFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 56.

Impact of dietary fat on gut microbiota and low-grade systemic inflammation: mechanisms and clinical implications on obesity.

Dietary fat strongly affects human health by modulating gut microbiota composition and low-grade systemic inflammation. High-fat diets have been implicated in reduced gut microbiota richness, increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, and several changes at family, genus and species levels. Saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and conjugated linolenic fatty acids share important pathways of immune system activation/inhibition with gut microbes, modulating obesogenic and proinflammatory profiles.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and type 2 diabetes: Impact on the glycemic control mechanism.

There is a growing mortality related to co-morbidities associated with diabetes mellitus. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been associated with low cardiometabolic risk and reduction of inflammatory process. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of PUFA intake on glycemic control in diabetic patients as well as to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved.