[Euglycemic ketoacidosis - rare condition on the rise].

SGLT2 inhibitors have been developed as antidiabetics. Large randomized prospective studies have shown prognostic benefit in patients with heart and/or renal insufficiency regarding cardiovascular and general endpoints - even in absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This extends the indication to large groups of multimorbid patients.

Self-management in adrenal insufficiency - towards a better understanding.

Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) require life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement treatment and dose adjustment in stress situations to prevent life-threatening adrenal crises. Herein this study we evaluated the patients' healthcare situation and their knowledge on AI, comparing various aspects to a prior survey in 209 physicians. Using a questionnaire, we conducted a comprehensive survey among 33 AI patients who were treated at the endocrine outpatient clinics of two University Hospitals in Germany.

Lucky guess or knowledge: a cross-sectional study using the Bland and Altman analysis to compare confidence-based testing of pharmacological knowledge in 3rd and 5th year medical students.

Multiple-choice-questions are common in medical examinations, but guessing biases assessment results. Confidence-based-testing (CBT) integrates indicated confidence levels. It has been suggested that correctness of and confidence in an answer together indicate knowledge levels thus determining the quality of a resulting decision.