Early Antioxidative Response to Desiccant-Stimulated Drought Stress in Field-Grown Traditional Wheat Varieties.

Extended drought affects the production and quality of wheat ( L.), one of the world's most important food crops. Breeding for increased drought resistance is becoming increasingly important due to the rising demand for food production.

Characterization of Forage Quality, Phenolic Profiles, and Antioxidant Activity in Alfalfa ( L.).

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage species and is recently more in focus for human consumption mainly due to its content of bioactive phenolics. Samples of the seventeen alfalfa cultivars/populations were collected at the Agricultural Institute Osijek with the aim to evaluate their forage quality, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant potential.

Photosynthetic Variability of Oblačinska Sour Cherry Ecotypes under Drought.

The selection of drought-tolerant sour cherry genotypes is essential for developing sustainable fruit production in today's climate-change conditions. The phenotypic heterogenic population of sour cherry Oblačinska, with high and regular yield suitable for mechanical harvesting and industrial processing, is a traditional and predominant cultivar in northern Croatia (Pannonian region) and Serbia commercial orchards. In this context, 2-year old virus-free sour cherry plants of 4 isolated Oblačinska sour cherry ecotypes (OS, 18, D6, and BOR) produced by micropropagation were exposed to severe drought in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions to evaluate its photosynthetic intra-varietal variability.

Correlation of elongation factor 1A accumulation with photosynthetic pigment content and yield in winter wheat varieties under heat stress conditions.

Heat stress is one of the most important environmental factors that influences wheat growth and development, leading to significant losses in grain yield and has become a significant detrimental factor for worldwide wheat production. In recent years, several studies suggested that eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), may contribute to heat tolerance in plants, therefore the aim of this study was: to investigate the accumulation of eEF1A in wheat under conditions of moderate and high air temperatures; to determine the amount of photosynthetic pigments and to determine the yield traits; and to examine whether there is a correlation between eEF1A accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, and yield in different wheat varieties. The results showed that heat stress induced accumulation of eEF1A significantly different among wheat varieties and showed that varieties with a higher accumulation of eEF1A under heat stress are characterized by a smaller decrease in the photosynthetic pigments.

Comparative Study of Drought Stress Effects on Traditional and Modern Apple Cultivars.

Genotype-dependent responses of apples to drought stress were evaluated between commercial and traditional apple cultivars. The results indicate different mechanisms of tolerance to investigated drought stress conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (OJIP) parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (HO), proline, phenols and leaf water content (WC) were measured.

Phenolic Acid Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Major Cereal Crops.

Phenolic acids (PAs) are a dominant group of phenolic compounds in cereals, existing mostly bound to compounds of cell wall. In this study, a total of 25 cereal grain samples, including wheat, winter and spring barley, corn, and popcorn, were evaluated for bound PAs and antioxidant activity in a two-year field trial. The PA contents, determined by HPLC, were significantly affected by cereal type.

Changes in Antioxidant System during Grain Development of Wheat ( L.) and Relationship with Protein Composition under FHB Stress.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is found in both temperate and semi-tropical regions and causes losses in wheat ( L.) resulting in reduced yield, deteriorated grain quality, and contamination of the grains with mycotoxins, primarily deoxynivalenol (DON). In this study, we focused on the identification of protein components in -inoculated and non-inoculated wheat samples along with the major antioxidant enzymes that can encounter during FHB infection process in six winter wheat varieties when FHB symptoms started to occur.

Distribution of β-Glucan, Phenolic Acids, and Proteins as Functional Phytonutrients of Hull-Less Barley Grain.

Two hull-less barley varieties were roller-milled, and breaks (B) and reduction flours (C), shorts, and bran were collected. Shorts, which mainly originate from endosperm cells with a smaller amount of the outer layers, had the largest yield (48.87-51.

Changes in Protein Composition in the Grain and Malt after Fusarium Infection Dependently of Wheat Resistance.

The grain yield, as well as the quality and safety of the wheat grains and corresponding malt can be compromised by spp. infection. The protein content of the grain affects the chemical composition and enzyme levels of the finished malt.

Forage Legumes as Sources of Bioactive Phytoestrogens for Use in Pharmaceutics: A Review.

Background: Alfalfa and red clover are the most widespread and most important perennial legumes, primarily used as a high-quality feed for livestock. Both alfalfa and red clover, as well as some other plant species from Fabaceae family, are a rich natural source of phytoestrogens, nonsteroidal compounds with an estrogenic activity whose beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of many diseases are demonstrated in numerous scientific studies.

Objectives: Nowadays, various herbal preparations are present on the world market and their use is constantly increasing, as well as the growing demands of consumers for environmentally sound and health-safe production of plant species used as sources of active substances.

Performance Indices in Wheat Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Protein Quality Influenced by FHB.

Very little is known about the physiological interactions between wheat quality and Fusarium head blight (FHB), which substantially reduces wheat grain yield and quality worldwide. In order to investigate stress-induced changes in flag leaves from plants artificially inoculated with , we screened for chlorophyll fluorescence transient at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Our results indicate that the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry (F/F) and the performance index (PI) were not affected by FHB, but there were significant differences in those two traits between different varieties and measurement times.