Opportunities and Obstacles Associated With Sequential Immune Reconstitution Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.

Cladribine is an effective disease-modifying treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis that acts as an immune reconstitution therapy and is administered in a pulsed manner. Despite its efficacy, severe disease reactivation early after treatment represents a serious clinical problem, and clear evidence to guide the management of such a situation is lacking. Here, we describe the case of a patient experiencing considerable disease activity during the 1st year after the initiation of cladribine treatment.

Facial and bodily emotion recognition in multiple sclerosis: the role of alexithymia and other characteristics of the disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be associated with impaired perception of facial emotions. However, emotion recognition mediated by bodily postures has never been examined in these patients. Moreover, several studies have suggested a relation between emotion recognition impairments and alexithymia.

Innate immunity modulates autoimmunity: type 1 interferon-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis promotes growth and function of regulatory invariant natural killer T cells through dendritic cell maturation.

Type 1 interferon-beta (T1IFN-beta) is an innate cytokine and the first-choice therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). It is still unclear how T1IFN-beta, whose main function is to promote innate immunity during infections, plays a beneficial role in autoimmune disease. Here we show that T1IFN-beta promoted the expansion and function of invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells, an innate T-cell subset with strong immune regulatory properties that is able to prevent autoimmune disease in pre-clinical models of MS and type 1 diabetes.

Nerve fibre layer analysis with GDx with a variable corneal compensator in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of GDx with variable corneal compensator (VCC) compared to visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) in the detection of early optic nerve damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: 46 eyes of 23 MS patients were included. Ten of them had a history of acute retrobulbar optic neuritis.

Pramipexole-treated Parkinson's disease during pregnancy.

There are few reports about drug-related effects on PD pregnancy. We describe the case of a woman affected by PD treated with pramipexole monotherapy during pregnancy. The child, born by caesarean delivery, is healthy, whereas motor disability of the mother progressively increased to the point that levodopa therapy was necessary.