Protective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid on Human Sperm: In Vitro Studies and Frozen-Thawed Protocol.

The study evaluated the chlorogenic acid (CGA) antioxidant potential on oxidative stress (OS) induced in vitro in human spermatozoa and during cryopreservation procedure. Swim-up selected spermatozoa were treated with 100 µM CGA, 100 µM HO to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO), and with both compounds and the effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by JC-1, DNA integrity by acridine orange (AO), and sperm ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were evaluated. CGA antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and F-isoprostanes (F-IsoPs) in the media.

Tissue Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation Are Related to Dietary Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Acids: A Rabbit Model.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and tissue distribution is modulated by the oxidation of these molecules. This research aimed to investigate the implication of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation (precursor and long-chain PUFA) on the PUFA profile and oxidative status of the liver, testis, and brain of adult rabbit bucks. Twenty New Zealand White rabbit bucks were divided into four experimental groups ( = 5 per group) and were fed different diets for 110 days: control (CNT), standard diet containing 50 mg/kg alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E); CNT+, standard diet + 200 mg/kg vitamin E; FLAX, standard diet + 10% flaxseed + 200 mg/kg vitamin E; or FISH, standard diet + 3.

Relationship Between Semen IL-6, IL-33 and Malondialdehyde Generation in Human Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoa.

Cytokines are physiological seminal components and their abnormal levels, reported in different pathological conditions, negatively influence the sperm function. We analysed the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-33 levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO), measured both in semen and sperm lysate, in 44 human semen samples. The semen analysis was performed following the WHO guidelines.

Redox imbalance induced by docetaxel in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: a study of docetaxel-induced neuronal damage.

Objectives: In cancer survivors, chemotherapy-associated adverse neurological effects are described as side effects in non-targeted tissue. We investigated the role of redox-imbalance in neuronal damage by a relative low dose of Docetaxel (DTX).

Methods: The neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells) were exposed to DTX at a dose of 1.

Oxidative and/or Inflammatory Thrust Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Rabbits: Effect of Vitamin E or NSAID Administration on Semen Parameters.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the inflammatory and/or oxidative damage related to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are responsible for negative effects on sperm physiology and metabolism. Thirty New Zealand White rabbit bucks were divided into 5 experimental groups (6 animals/group): , treated with 0.9% NaCl; , treated with a 5 mM AgNP solution; , treated with 50 g/kg b.

Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human HT-29 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells: Different Mechanisms of THC, CBD, and CB83.

In this study, we investigated the effects of exposition to IC dose for 24 h of a new synthetic cannabinoid (CB83) and of phytocannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells. Cell viability and proliferative activity evaluated using the MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and CyQUANT assays showed that cell viability was significantly affected when CB83, THC, and CBD were administered to cells. The results obtained showed that the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio was significantly reduced in the cells exposed to CBD and significantly increased in the cells treated with the CB83 when compared to the controls.

Antioxidant Effect of the Mill. Leaf Extract on Oxidative Stress Induced upon Human Spermatozoa.

This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of a 75% / ethanolic extract of leaves of Mill. (var. Bastarda Rossa, Mount Amiata, Tuscany, Italy) on ejaculated human sperm.

Relationships between Ghrelin and Obestatin with MDA, Proinflammatory Cytokines, GSH/GSSG Ratio, Catalase Activity, and Semen Parameters in Infertile Patients with Leukocytospermia and Varicocele.

Ghrelin and obestatin are involved in many biological functions including reproduction. Growing evidences suggest that both peptides could exert protective and antioxidant activities. In this study, the relationships between ghrelin/obestatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), expressed as the GSH/GSSG ratio, catalase (CAT), and semen parameters in infertile patients with varicocele or leukocytospermia and controls were investigated.

Resistin in Human Seminal Plasma: Relationship with Lipid Peroxidation, CAT Activity, GSH/GSSG Ratio, and Semen Parameters.

Resistin is an adipokine involved in inflammation and able to induce the expression of other proinflammatory cytokines. It is known that, in human semen, resistin is correlated with inflammatory cytokines and sperm quality. The aim of this prospective study was to explore the potential relationship between resistin, lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT) activity, and reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in semen samples of infertile patients with leukocytospermia (no.

Diffuse Axonal Injury and Oxidative Stress: A Comprehensive Review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the world's leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young individuals. TBI applies powerful rotational and translational forces to the brain parenchyma, which results in a traumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) responsible for brain swelling and neuronal death. Following TBI, axonal degeneration has been identified as a progressive process that starts with disrupted axonal transport causing axonal swelling, followed by secondary axonal disconnection and Wallerian degeneration.

Nitric oxide, malondialdheyde and non-enzymatic antioxidants assessed in viable spermatozoa from selected infertile men.

There are growing evidences that the semen of infertile male population shows higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels concomitant with lower antioxidant capacity compared to those detected in semen of fertile population. The plasma membrane of the sperm cell, which has high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, renders it particularly sensitive to ROS. The aim of this study was to compare the sperm parameters (concentration, motility, morphology and vitality) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as marker of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid (AA), total (GSHt) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in viable sperm in a group of 38 infertile patients and in a group of 55 control subjects with unknown reproductive potential.

Biofortification with Iron and Zinc Improves Nutritional and Nutraceutical Properties of Common Wheat Flour and Bread.

The effect of field foliar Fe and Zn biofortification on concentration and potential bioavailability of Fe and Zn and health-promoting compounds was studied in wholemeal flour of two common wheat varieties (old vs modern). Moreover, the effect of milling and bread making was studied. Biofortification increased the concentration of Zn (+78%) and its bioavailability (+48%) in the flour of the old variety, whereas it was ineffective in increasing Fe concentration in both varieties.

Myocardial oxidative damage is induced by cardiac Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways in human cocaine-related overdose.

The aim of this study is to analyse cardiac specimens from human cocaine-related overdose, to verify the hypothesis that cardiac toxicity by acute exposure to high dosage of cocaine could be mediated by unbalanced myocardial oxidative stress, and to evaluate the apoptotic response. To address these issues, biochemical and immunohistological markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress were evaluated. We found that i-NOS, NOX2 and nitrotyrosine expression were significantly higher in the hearts of subjects who had died from high doses of cocaine, compared to the control group.

Lipid peroxidation and apoptotic response in rat brain areas induced by long-term administration of nandrolone: the mutual crosstalk between ROS and NF-kB.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the played by oxidative stress in the apoptotic response in different brain areas of rats chronically treated with supra-physiological doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND). Immunohistochemical study and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cells' apoptosis and to measure the effects of expression of specific mediators, such as NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), SMAC/DIABLO (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/direct IAP-binding protein with low PI) and VMAT2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2) on apoptosis. The results of the present study indicate that a long-term administration of ND promotes oxidative injury in rat brain specific areas.

Spinal administration of mGluR5 antagonist prevents the onset of bortezomib induced neuropathic pain in rat.

Peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse effect of bortezomib-based chemotherapy. In this study we have investigated the role played by subtype 5 of metabotropic receptors in bortezomib induced peripheral neuropathy. Rats were administered with bortezomib three times weekly at 0.

Chronic nandrolone administration promotes oxidative stress, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine and TNF-α mediated apoptosis in the kidneys of CD1 treated mice.

Nandrolone decanoate administration and strenuous exercise increase the extent of renal damage in response to renal toxic injury. We studied the role played by oxidative stress in the apoptotic response caused by nandrolone decanoate in the kidneys of strength-trained male CD1 mice. To measure cytosolic enzyme activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined after nandrolone treatment.

Cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines response after myocardial infarction.

Oxidative stress in heart failure or during ischemia/reperfusion occurs as a result of the excessive generation or accumulation of free radicals or their oxidation products. Free radicals formed during oxidative stress can initiate lipid peroxidation, oxidize proteins to inactive states and cause DNA strand breaks. Oxidative stress is a condition in which oxidant metabolites exert toxic effects because of their increased production or an altered cellular mechanism of protection.

Causes and effects of cellular oxidative stress as a result of MDMA abuse.

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) is a substituted amphetamine with potent central nervous stimulant effects. Increasing evidence suggests that one way of MDMA-induced toxicity involves the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and a subsequent production of oxidative/nitrosative stress. The free radicals can originate from several molecular pathways (oxidative deamination of monoamine, metabolic pathways, cathecolamines autoxidation, and hyperthermia) and their harmful effect causing potential biological damage such as lipoperoxidation and cellular death.

Enzymatic-nonenzymatic cellular antioxidant defense systems response and immunohistochemical detection of MDMA, VMAT2, HSP70, and apoptosis as biomarkers for MDMA (Ecstasy) neurotoxicity.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity leads to the formation of quinone metabolities and hydroxyl radicals and then to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluated the effect of a single dose of MDMA (20 mg/kg, i.p.

Corneal crosslinking: riboflavin concentration in corneal stroma exposed with and without epithelium.

Purpose: To evaluate intrastromal concentrations of riboflavin with and without epithelium to ensure the efficacy and safety of corneal crosslinking (CXL) by the standard and transepithelial procedures.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pharmacology G. Segre, Siena University, Siena, Italy.

Cardiac oxidative stress determination and myocardial morphology after a single ecstasy (MDMA) administration in a rat model.

Experimental and clinical data indicate that 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) abuse can produce significant cardiovascular toxicity. A mechanism may be a direct toxic effect of redox active metabolites of MDMA. To evaluate the effect of a single MDMA dose on cellular antioxidant defence system and to investigate the morphology in male albino rats, total glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDAL) were studied.

Correlation between cardiac oxidative stress and myocardial pathology due to acute and chronic norepinephrine administration in rats.

Background: To investigate the cardiotoxic role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of products derived from catecholamines auto-oxidation, we studied: (1) the response of antioxidant cardiac cellular defence systems to oxidative stress induced by norepinephrine (NE) administration, (2) the effect of NE administration on cardiac beta1-adrenergic receptors by means of receptor binding assay, (3) the cellular morphological alterations related to the biologically cross-talk between the NE administration and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukins IL6, IL8, IL10].

Methods And Results: A total of 195 male rats was used in the experiment. All animals underwent electrocardiogram (EKG) before being sacrificed.

Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion (IHCP): postoperative outcome and risk factors for morbidity.

Background: Cytoreductive surgery with limited or extended peritonectomy associated with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion (IHCP) has been proposed for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from abdominal neoplasms.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients with PC from abdominal neoplasms underwent 61 treatments using this technique from January 2000 to August 2005. Surgical debulking, completed by partial or total peritonectomy, was performed in most cases.

Endothelin-1 triggers placental oxidative stress pathways: putative role in preeclampsia.

Context: Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder that occurs only during pregnancy. The placenta has a controlling role in this condition. Recent literature suggests that the oxidative stress is a component of PE and plays a main role in the link between decreased placental perfusion and the impaired function of maternal endothelium.

Immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by acute and chronic exposure to cocaine in rat.

The objective of the present study was to verify if immunosuppression caused by cocaine (CO) can be mediated, at least in part, by increased formation of oxidative metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat. Pharmacokinetics of cocaine and its metabolites, cell-mediated immune function and cytokines production, biomarkers of cell redox state maintenance and lipidic peroxidation, and variations of activity in the enzymatic systems involved in cell antioxidant defence were measured in spleen of Wistar rats acutely and chronically treated with cocaine.C(max), AUC, and t(1/2) of norcocaine (NC) significantly increased after chronic exposure to cocaine while kinetic parameters of benzoylecgonine (BE) significantly decreased.