Everolimus Mitigates the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence after Liver Transplantation.

To obtain long-term data on the use of everolimus in patients who underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma, we conducted a retrospective, single-center analysis of adult recipients transplanted between 2013 and 2021. Patients on everolimus-incorporating immunosuppression were matched with those on tacrolimus using an inverse probability of treatment weighting methodology. Two propensity-matched groups of patients were thus compared: 233 (45.

Aging with a Liver Graft: Analysis of Very Long-Term Survivors after Liver Transplantation.

Background: In Italy, data on long-term survivors after liver transplantation are lacking.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a hybrid design study on a cohort of 359 adult recipients who received transplants between 1996 and 2002 to identify predictors of survival and the prevalence of co-morbidities among long-term survivors.

Results: The actuarial (95% CI) patient survival was 96% (94.

Postoperative results, learning curve, and outcomes of pancreatectomy with arterial resection: a single-center retrospective cohort study on 236 procedures.

Background: Newer chemotherapy regimens are reviving the role of pancreatectomy with arterial resection (PAR) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. However, concerns about the early outcomes and learning curve of PAR remain. This study aimed to define the postoperative results and learning curve of PAR and provide preliminary data on oncologic outcomes.

First-in-human liver transplantation from a centenarian deceased donor after brain death.

Liver transplantation from elderly donors is expanding due to demand for liver grafts, aging of recipients and donors, and introduction of machine perfusion. We report on a liver transplant from a 100-year-old deceased donor after brain death. The liver was transplanted after the use of hypothermic machine perfusion to a 60-year-old recipient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Biliary Tract Cancer: Prognostic Implications and Correlation with Histology.

Introduction: Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency represents a biomarker and therapeutic target in various neoplasms, but its role in biliary tract cancers (BTCs) remains misunderstood.

Methods: MMR status was retrospectively assessed using immunohistochemistry in 163-BTCs patients. We identified MMR proficiency (pMMR)/deficiency (dMMR) according to the loss of MMR proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6).

An Unexpected Case of Infection Revealed during Liver Transplantation.

A man with hepatitis B infection was admitted to Pisa University Hospital for hepatological evaluation, which revealed multiple cystic lesions and suggested a cirrhotic evolution. Treatment with Entecavir 0.5 mg/day was started, resulting in rapid viral load suppression and alanine aminotransferase normalization.

Ca 125 is an independent prognostic marker in resected pancreatic cancer of the head of the pancreas.

The prognostic value of carbohydrate antigen 125 (Ca 125) is emerging also in pancreatic cancer (PDAC). In this study, we aim to define the prognostic value of Ca 125 in resected PDAC of the head of the pancreas. This is a single-center, retrospective study.

Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN): two case reports and review of the literature.

Background: Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs) place at the oncocytic extreme of the intraductal pancreatic neoplasm spectrum and display typical morphological features. Their identification in 1996 by Adsay has been followed by a growing number of cases, paving the way for a deeper understanding of this underestimated entity. Contrarily to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), most IOPNs run an indolent course and surgery is usually curative.

Response assessment of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: Is apparent diffusion coefficient useful on 3Â T magnetic resonance imaging?

Aim: To assess the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on 3 T device for the prediction of tumoral response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and for the response assessment after nCRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), using pathology as a reference.

Methods: Forty-one patients affected by LARC undergoing 3.0 T MRI before and after nCRT were retrospectively selected.

Dysregulated insulin secretion is associated with pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia and direct acinar-β-cell trans-differentiation in partially eNOS-deficient mice.

eNOS-deficient mice were previously shown to develop hypertension and metabolic alterations associated with insulin resistance either in standard dietary conditions (eNOS-/- homozygotes) or upon high-fat diet (HFD) (eNOS+/- heterozygotes). In the latter heterozygote model, the present study investigated the pancreatic morphological changes underlying the abnormal glycometabolic phenotype. C57BL6 wild type (WT) and eNOS+/- mice were fed with either chow or HFD for 16 weeks.

Ex-vivo human pancreatic specimen evaluation by 7 Tesla MRI: a prospective radiological-pathological correlation study.

Purpose: To compare the characteristics detected by 7Tesla (7 T) MR and the histological composition of ex-vivo specimens from lesions diagnosed at preoperative CT scan as Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Materials And Methods: Ten pancreatic specimens were examined. The 7 T imaging protocol included both morphologic and quantitative sequences; the latter was acquired by conventional methods and a novel multiparametric method, the magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) sequence.

Live enteroviruses, but not other viruses, detected in human pancreas at the onset of type 1 diabetes in the DiViD study.

Aims/hypothesis: Enterovirus (EV) infection of pancreatic islet cells is one possible factor contributing to type 1 diabetes development. We have reported the presence of EV genome by PCR and of EV proteins by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic sections. Here we explore multiple human virus species in the Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study cases using innovative methods, including virus passage in cell cultures.

The P2X7R-NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasome Platforms Mark the Complexity/Severity of Viral or Metabolic Liver Damage.

P2X7R-NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes activate caspase-1 and the release of cytokines involved in viral-related liver disease. Little is known about their role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). We characterized the role of inflammasomes in NAFLD, NASH, and HCV.

Liver and White/Brown Fat Dystrophy Associates with Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Alterations in 3xTg Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

Metabolic impairments and liver and adipose depots alterations were reported in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting the role of the liver-adipose-tissue-brain axis in AD pathophysiology. The gut microbiota might play a modulating role. We investigated the alterations to the liver and white/brown adipose tissues (W/BAT) and their relationships with serum and gut metabolites and gut bacteria in a 3xTg mouse model during AD onset (adulthood) and progression (aging) and the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and intranasal insulin (INI).

Evidence of a Gastro-Duodenal Effect on Adipose Tissue and Brain Metabolism, Potentially Mediated by Gut-Liver Inflammation: A Study with Positron Emission Tomography and Oral FDG in Mice.

Interventions affecting gastrointestinal (GI) physiology suggest that the GI tract plays an important role in modulating the uptake of ingested glucose by body tissues. We aimed at validating the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with oral FDG administration in mice, and to examine GI effects on glucose metabolism in adipose tissues, brain, heart, muscle, and liver, and interfering actions of oral lipid co-administration. We performed sequential whole-body PET studies in 3 groups of 10 mice, receiving i.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles administration during machine perfusion of discarded human livers: A pilot study.

The combined approach of ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) and nanotechnology represents a strategy to mitigate ischemia/reperfusion injury in liver transplantation (LT). We evaluated the uptake, distribution, and efficacy of antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) during normothermic perfusion of discarded human livers. A total of 9 discarded human liver grafts were randomized in 2 groups and underwent 4 h of NMP: 5 grafts were treated with nanoceria conjugated with albumin (Alb-NC; 50 µg/ml) and compared with 4 untreated grafts.

Maternal High-Fat Feeding Affects the Liver and Thymus Metabolic Axis in the Offspring and Some Effects Are Attenuated by Maternal Diet Normalization in a Minipig Model.

Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) affects metabolic and immune development. We aimed to characterize the effects of maternal HFD, and the subsequent diet-normalization of the mothers during a second pregnancy, on the liver and thymus metabolism in their offspring, in minipigs. Offspring born to high-fat (HFD) and normal diet (ND) fed mothers were studied at week 1 and months 1, 6, 12 of life.

Locoregional Treatments for Bridging and Downstaging HCC to Liver Transplantation.

Liver transplantation (LT) is the first-line treatment for patients diagnosed with unresectable early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the setting of cirrhosis. It is well known that HCC patients within the Milan criteria (solitary tumour ≤ 5 cm or ≤3 tumours, each <3 cm) could undergo LT with excellent results. However, there is a growing tendency to enlarge inclusion criteria since the Milan criteria are nowadays considered too restrictive and may exclude patients who would benefit from LT.

CXCL12/SDF-1 in IgG4-Related Disease.

SDF-1/CXCL12 is a chemokine with pleiotropic functions in hematopoietic stem cell niche homeostasis, germinal center architecture, B cell maturation, neoangiogenesis, and fibrosis. Recently, the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis was associated with cancer metastasis and autoimmune diseases. The IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a pathological condition characterized by IgG4+ plasma cells infiltrating fibrotic lesions.

Maturation of the Visceral (Gut-Adipose-Liver) Network in Response to the Weaning Reaction versus Adult Age and Impact of Maternal High-Fat Diet.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is a major cause of chronic pathologies, of which maternal obesity is a frequent risk factor. Gut wall and microbiota, visceral fat, and liver form a pre-systemic network for substrates and pro-inflammatory factors entering the body, undergoing accelerated maturation in early-life when the weaning reaction, i.e.

Leptin resistance before and after obesity: evidence that tissue glucose uptake underlies adipocyte enlargement and liver steatosis/steatohepatitis in Zucker rats from early-life stages.

Background: Leptin resistance occurs in obese patients, but its independent contribution to adiposity and the accompanying metabolic diseases, i.e., diabetes, liver steatosis, and steatohepatitis, remains to be established.

Microwave Ablation of Very-Early- and Early-Stage HCC: Efficacy Evaluation by Correlation with Histology after Liver Transplantation.

Microwave (MW) ablation is a worldwide-diffused technique for the percutaneous ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the efficacy of this technique still needs to be confirmed in pathological specimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MW ablation by correlation with histology in excised liver samples at the time of liver transplantation (LT).