Evaluation of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors using breast cancer spheroids: a comparative study of T47D and MCF7 cell lines in 2D and 3D models.

Introduction: The estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of endocrine disruptors were examined using two-dimensional 2D and three-dimensional 3D estrogen receptor-positive T47D and MCF7 human breast cancer cells.

Methods: The model system was used to test the plasticizer Bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disruptor (EDs) with estrogen-like action, aga inst 17β-Estradiol (E2), the endogenous nuclear estrogen receptor (nERs) ligand, and the anti-estrogenic drug Fulvestrant (FUL). Spheroid formation and gene expression of estrogen-regulated markers (pS2 and TGFβ3) both in 2D and 3D cultures were used to establish the dose-dependent cellular effects of these substances, evaluated cell viability either by separately treating with the individual substances or in co-treatment.

Arthroscopic Treatment of a Subchondral Bone Cyst via Stem Cells Application: A Case Study in Equine Model and Outcomes.

Subchondral bone cysts in horses represent one of the main causes of lameness that can occur in different anatomical locations. The study describes the treatment in regenerative therapy of the intracystic implantation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) included in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The ability of AMSCs to differentiate in osteogenic cells was tested in vitro and in vivo.

Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Hyaline Chondrocytes: A Case Study in Equine Model and Outcomes.

Cartilage injury defects in animals and humans result in the development of osteoarthritis and the progression of joint deterioration. Cell isolation from equine hyaline cartilage and evaluation of their ability to repair equine joint cartilage injuries establish a new experimental protocol for an alternative approach to osteochondral lesions treatment. Chondrocytes (CCs), isolated from the autologous cartilage of the trachea, grown in the laboratory, and subsequently arthroscopically implanted into the lesion site, were used to regenerate a chondral lesion of the carpal joint of a horse.

Seroconversion of a Swine Herd in a Free-Range Rural Multi-Species Farm against HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b Clade Virus.

Starting from October 2021, several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 were reported in wild and domestic birds in Italy. Following the detection of an HPAIV in a free-ranging poultry farm in Ostia, province of Rome, despite the lack of clinical signs, additional virological and serological analyses were conducted on samples collected from free-ranging pigs, reared in the same holding, due to their direct contact with the infected poultry. While the swine nasal swabs were all RT-PCR negative for the influenza type A matrix (M) gene, the majority (%) of the tested pigs resulted serologically positive for the hemagglutination inhibition test and microneutralization assay, using an H5N1 strain considered to be homologous to the virus detected in the farm.