Removal of cephalexin and erythromycin antibiotics, and their resistance genes, by microalgae-bacteria consortium from wastewater treatment plant secondary effluents.

Antibiotics have become a concern in the aquatic environments owing to the potential development of bacterial resistances. Thus, this study evaluated the removal of cephalexin (CEP) and erythromycin (ERY) from a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, mediated by microalgae-bacteria consortium. Likewise, the removal of correlated antibiotics resistance genes bla and ermB was also assessed.

Low-temperature partitioning extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of multiclass antibiotics in solid and soluble wastewater fractions.

An analytical method based on low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis was developed and validated for the determination of eight multiclass antibiotics in wastewater. The analyzed target antibiotics included one β-lactam, two sulfonamides, three fluoroquinolones, one macrolide and one diaminopyrimidine. LTPE parameters such as sample pH, volume ratio between sample and extractor solvent, ultra-sonic extraction time, extraction tube material, solvent and volume to reconstitute the sample extracts, were optimized.

Aqueous chlorination of herbicide metribuzin: Identification and elucidation of "new" disinfection by-products, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation.

A widely used herbicide, metribuzin, was evaluated for degradation, mineralization and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during aqueous chlorination. In addition, to assess the toxicity effects of chlorination on metribuzin solution the following tests were performed: acute toxicity using Artemia salina nauplii; cell viability using MTT assay; estrogenicity using a re-engineered Bioluminescent Yeast Estrogen Screen (BLYES) and a constitutively bioluminescent strain (BLYR); mutagenicity and developmental toxicity using Q(SAR) methodology. Metribuzin at 10 mg·L was degraded by chlorination, achieving 93% of removal at 30 min of reaction.

Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by microalgae-bacteria consortium in wastewater treatment plant effluents.

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) has been commonly detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. SMX and other antibiotics can be considered as environmental contaminants of emerging concern. Due to their toxicity effects and their potential for the development of bacterial resistance their presence in aquatic compartment becomes a threat to human health.

Antibiotic consumption in developing countries defies global commitments: an overview on Brazilian growth in consumption.

Faster spread of epidemics has turned local concerns into global crises; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is being considered a major threat to public health in the twenty-first century. Antibiotic misuse plays a great role in accelerated AMR; thus, understanding and discussing consumption patterns has been a trend topic over the past years. Developing countries, such as Brazil, have high growth rates in antibiotic consumption, potentially impacting global environmental safety.

Method development for simultaneous determination of polar and nonpolar pesticides in surface water by low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) followed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

During this research, chemometric approaches were applied for optimization of the low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) for the simultaneous analysis of the pesticides: acephate, difenoconazole, fenamidone, fluazifop, fluazinam, methamidophos, and thiamethoxam from surface water samples and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. It was used the 2 full factorial and the Doehlert experimental designs. The extraction technique was optimized by evaluating the effects of the three variables: sample pH, ionic strength (addition of NaHPO), and organic solvent volume.

Assessment of pain and hemodynamic response in older children undergoing circumcision: comparison of eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine cream and dorsal penile nerve block.

Objective: To evaluate whether dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) or local topical anesthesia (LT) provided better postoperative analgesia and less hemodynamic stimulation during and after circumcision surgery with Plastibell in older children.

Methods: Forty-one subjects (age: 2-13 years) undergoing circumcision with Plastibell were randomly divided into LT and DPNB groups. Inhalation induction was performed with an 8% end-tidal sevoflurane concentration.