Publications by authors named "Daniel Yoshor"

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the effectiveness of a minimalistic sellar repair technique using an epidural interlay graft to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.
  • - Out of 334 cases reviewed, intraoperative CSF leaks occurred in 34.7%, but only one postoperative leak was noted (0.3%), highlighting the technique's success and leading to a reduction in more complex repair strategies over time.
  • - The study reports a 65% remission rate for functional macroadenomas, with the interlay graft being a reliable and effective solution, resulting in no postoperative CSF leaks in over 300 surgeries at the institution.
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Article Synopsis
  • New brain-computer-interface (BCI) technology offers significant improvements in efficiency, featuring a thin and flexible micro-electrocorticography (μECoG) device with 256x256 electrodes.
  • This innovative device integrates advanced components, allowing for the recording of up to 1024 brain signals simultaneously, all while being fully implanted and wirelessly powered.
  • Successful tests in pigs and non-human primates demonstrated its ability to record brain activity reliably for extended periods, achieving high-quality data from critical brain areas related to sensory and motor functions.*
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Humans have the remarkable ability to vividly retrieve sensory details of past events. According to the theory of sensory reinstatement, during remembering, brain regions specialized for processing specific sensory stimuli are reactivated to support content-specific retrieval. Recently, several studies have emphasized transformations in the spatial organization of these reinstated activity patterns.

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Background/objective: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis is a rare small vessel vasculitis that can cause pituitary hypophysitis. Hypophysitis is difficult to treat, often requiring high doses of glucocorticoids with frequent flaring as glucocorticoids are tapered. We present a case of ANCA vasculitis involving the pituitary gland successfully treated with rituximab.

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, and is often comorbid with other neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with recurrent seizures often present with cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear how seizures, even when infrequent, produce long-lasting deficits in cognition.

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Objective: We sought to quantify trends in operative volumes and complications of endoscopic sellar surgery before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective analysis.

Setting: TriNetX database analysis.

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Humans have the remarkable ability to vividly retrieve sensory details of past events. According to the theory of sensory reinstatement, during remembering, brain regions involved in the sensory processing of prior events are reactivated to support this perception of the past. Recently, several studies have emphasized potential transformations in the spatial organization of reinstated activity patterns.

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Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are adverse effects after surgery, which may increase the risk of complications. Aprepitant is a neurokinin-1 receptor blocker and has been shown to reduce chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting and PONV. However, its role in endoscopic skull base surgery remains unclear.

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The efficacy of immunotherapy is limited by the paucity of T cells delivered and infiltrated into the tumors through aberrant tumor vasculature. Here, we report that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)-mediated endothelial cell (EC) metabolism fuels the formation of a hypoxic and immune-hostile vascular microenvironment, driving glioblastoma (GBM) resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy. Our metabolome and transcriptome analyses of human and mouse GBM tumors identify that PHGDH expression and serine metabolism are preferentially altered in tumor ECs.

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Article Synopsis
  • - A streamlined care pathway for patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSA) was developed, enabling recovery in a specialized unit that manages complications like cerebrospinal fluid leaks and diabetes insipidus.
  • - The study analyzed 187 TSA surgeries from 2017 to 2020, comparing patients on the new care pathway to those not on it; results showed significant cost savings and shorter lengths of stay for pathway patients.
  • - Patients on the care pathway had reduced total admission costs by an average of $6,376.33 and stayed for 1.27 days less on average, while experiencing a higher rate of postoperative diabetes insipidus but fewer readmissions.
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Objective: Clinical paradigms and consensus recommend dopamine agonists (DAs) as the primary treatment for prolactinomas. However, medically treated patients also encounter challenges such as DA resistance, intolerable side effects, and recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after DA withdrawal. Technical advances in transsphenoidal resection, with an endoscopic endonasal approach, have led to improved visualization of tumor, decreased postoperative morbidity, and shortened length of stay.

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Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is an enigmatic region implicated in psychiatric and neurological disease, yet its role in cognition remains unclear. Human studies link PCC to episodic memory and default mode network (DMN), while findings from the non-human primate emphasize executive processes more associated with the cognitive control network (CCN) in humans. We hypothesized this difference reflects an important functional division between dorsal (executive) and ventral (episodic) PCC.

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Objectives: Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) arise from the development of the Rathke pouch. Recurrence is common after either drainage or cyst removal. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is increasingly utilized for the management of RCC.

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Background: Direct electrical stimulation of early visual cortex evokes the perception of small spots of light known as phosphenes. Previous studies have examined the location, size, and brightness of phosphenes evoked by stimulation of single electrodes. While it has been envisioned that concurrent stimulation of many electrodes could be used as the basis for a visual cortical prosthesis, the percepts resulting from multi-electrode stimulation have not been fully characterized.

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Objective: To identify key recommendations for maximizing the efficiency and efficacy of perioperative care in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Methods: The authors performed a comprehensive literature search of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols implemented for patients undergoing transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA); individual recommendations were abstracted, and the evidence base thoroughly reviewed.

Results: The authors identified 19 individual recommendations pertinent to the care of patients undergoing TSA, which were subdivided into preoperative (n=6), intraoperative (n=6), and postoperative (n=7) interventions.

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Objective: To determine the in-hospital cost implications of an expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) for craniopharyngioma resection relative to the traditional open transcranial approach.

Methods: All craniopharyngioma surgeries performed at a single institution over a period from January 1st 2001 to October 31th 2017 were evaluated. The electronic medical record was reviewed for patient factors, tumor characteristics, and cost variables associated with each hospital stay and univariate regression analysis was performed using R software.

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Background: Visual cortical prostheses (VCP) could potentially benefit a majority of the blind population. Feasibility testing of these VCP opens new avenues to characterize stimulation of visual cortex in blind subjects.

Objective/hypothesis: To determine if sequential stimulation of visual cortex produces a perception bias in phosphene brightness.

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Objective: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor. Seizures are common sequelae of meningioma development. Meningioma patients with seizures can be effectively treated with resection, with reports of seizure freedom of 60%-90%.

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Leveraging firsthand experience, BRAIN-funded investigators conducting intracranial human neuroscience research propose two fundamental ethical commitments: (1) maintaining the integrity of clinical care and (2) ensuring voluntariness. Principles, practices, and uncertainties related to these commitments are offered for future investigation.

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Background: Meningiomas are the most common intracranial neoplasms. Although genomic analysis has helped elucidate differences in survival, there is evidence that racial disparities may influence outcomes. African Americans have a higher incidence of meningiomas and poorer survival outcomes.

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Narrowband γ oscillations (NBG: ∼20-60 Hz) in visual cortex reflect rhythmic fluctuations in population activity generated by underlying circuits tuned for stimulus location, orientation, and color. A variety of theories posit a specific role for NBG in encoding and communicating this information within visual cortex. However, recent findings suggest a more nuanced role for NBG, given its dependence on certain stimulus feature configurations, such as coherent-oriented edges and specific hues.

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In this issue of the JCI, the dream of restoring useful vision to blind individuals with neurotechnology moves one step closer to realization. Fernández et al. implanted an electrode array with 96 penetrating electrodes in the visual cortex of a blind patient who had been without light perception for 16 years due to optic neuropathy.

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Background: Visual cortical prostheses (VCPs) have the potential to restore visual function to patients with acquired blindness. Successful implementation of VCPs requires the ability to reliably map the location of the phosphene produced by stimulation of each implanted electrode.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different approaches to phosphene mapping and propose simple improvements to mapping strategy.

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