Transcriptomic convergence despite genomic divergence drive field cancerization in synchronous squamous tumors.

Introduction: Field cancerization is suggested to arise from imbalanced differentiation in individual basal progenitor cells leading to clonal expansion of mutant cells that eventually replace the epithelium, although without evidence.

Methods: We performed deep sequencing analyses to characterize the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of field change in two patients with synchronous aerodigestive tract tumors.

Results: Our data support the emergence of numerous genetic alterations in cancer-associated genes but refutes the hypothesis that founder mutation(s) underpin this phenomenon.

Implementing and evaluating a fully functional AI-enabled model for chronic eye disease screening in a real clinical environment.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to increase the affordability and accessibility of eye disease screening, especially with the recent approval of AI-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programs in several countries.

Methods: This study investigated the performance, feasibility, and user experience of a seamless hardware and software solution for screening chronic eye diseases in a real-world clinical environment in Germany. The solution integrated AI grading for DR, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma, along with specialist auditing and patient referral decision.

Emerging predictive biomarkers for novel therapeutics in peripheral T-cell and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) are rare subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that are typically associated with poor treatment outcomes. Contemporary first-line treatment strategies generally involve the use of combination chemoimmunotherapy, radiation and/or stem cell transplant. Salvage options incorporate a number of novel agents including epigenetic therapies (e.

Effect of HIPEC on Peritoneal Recurrence in Peritoneal Metastasis Treated With Cytoreductive Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Background: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is a late-stage manifestation of intra-abdominal malignancies. The current standard of care indicates that cure can only be achieved with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) which is often indicated with concurrent adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, the utility of HIPEC within subsets of PM is not fully understood.

Clinical Features of Plasmablastic Lymphoma: Case Series From an Asian Tertiary Cancer Center and Literature Review.

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive subtype of mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Given its rarity, there remains a lack of clinicopathological data to guide its management, particularly on Asian patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 10 patients diagnosed with PBL at the National Cancer Centre Singapore and performed a literature review of similar studies on Asian cohorts.

Wideband enhancement of infrared absorption in a direct band-gap semiconductor by using nonabsorptive pyramids.

Efficient trapping of the light in a photon absorber or a photodetector can improve its performance and reduce its cost. In this paper we investigate two designs for light-trapping in application to infrared absorption. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that nonabsorptive pyramids either located on top of an absorbing film or having embedded absorbing rods can efficiently enhance the absorption in the absorbing material.

Using biomarker signature patterns for an mRNA molecular diagnostic of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation state.

Background: The pluripotency and self-renewal capabilities, which define the "stemness" state, of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, are usually investigated by functional assays or quantitative measurements of the expression levels of known ES cell markers. Strong correlations between these expression levels and functional assays, particularly at the early stage of cell differentiation, have usually not been observed. An effective molecular diagnostic to properly identify the differentiation state of mouse ES cells, prior to further experimentation, is needed.