Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Clinician Perspectives on the Pediatric Observation Priority Score (POPS).

Objectives: Approximately 50% of children assessed by emergency medical services (EMS) in the United States (U.S.) have no emergent needs.

αvβ1 integrin is enriched in extracellular vesicles of metastatic breast cancer cells: A mechanism mediated by galectin-3.

Breast cancer cells release a large quantity of biocargo-bearing extracellular vesicles (EVs), which mediate intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment and promote metastasis. To identify EV-bound proteins related to metastasis, we used mass spectrometry to profile EVs from highly and poorly metastatic breast cancer lines of human and mouse origins. Comparative mass spectrometry indicated that integrins, including αv and β1 subunits, are preferentially enriched in EVs of highly metastatic origin over those of poorly metastatic origin.

Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons.

Extracellular vesicle-associated organotropic metastasis.

Metastasis refers to the progressive dissemination of primary tumour cells and their colonization of other tissues and is associated with most cancer-related mortalities. The disproportional and systematic distribution pattern of distant metastasis in different cancers has been well documented, as is termed metastatic organotropism, a process orchestrated by a combination of anatomical, pathophysiological, genetic and biochemical factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized cell-derived membrane-bound particles known to mediate intercellular communication, are now considered crucial in organ-specific metastasis.

Extracellular Vesicles as an Efficient and Versatile System for Drug Delivery.

Despite the recent advances in drug development, the majority of novel therapeutics have not been successfully translated into clinical applications. One of the major factors hindering their clinical translation is the lack of a safe, non-immunogenic delivery system with high target specificity upon systemic administration. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural carriers of bioactive cargo, have emerged as a promising solution and can be further modified to improve their therapeutic efficacy.

Extracellular vesicles as natural therapeutic agents and innate drug delivery systems for cancer treatment: Recent advances, current obstacles, and challenges for clinical translation.

As cancer poses a significant threat to the well-being of humans on a global scale, many researchers have embarked on the search for effective anticancer therapeutic agents. In recent years, many drugs have been shown to have extraordinary anticancer effects. However, in a lot of cases the treatment is accompanied by undesirable side effects due to some intrinsic properties linked to the therapeutic agents, such as poor targeting selectivity and short half-life in the circulation.

Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles promote the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts via the transfer of microRNA-125b.

Tumour cells release large quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to mediate their interactions with other cells in the tumour microenvironment. To identify host cells that naturally take up EVs from tumour cells, we created breast cancer cell lines secreting fluorescent EVs. These fluorescent EVs are taken up most robustly by fibroblasts within the tumour microenvironment.