Ultrasound guidance versus landmark guidance for intrathecal baclofen pump refill: A randomized pilot study.

Background: Refilling difficult-to-access intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps by a trainee can result in longer procedures, more needle punctures, and more frequent attending interventions. Though ultrasound guidance can be used, there has not been an investigation into the impact of ultrasound guidance on refill outcomes.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of ultrasound guidance during difficult ITB refills to improve the experience of patients and providers.

Influencing factors in the simulation of airflow and particle transportation in aircraft cabins by CFD.

To control the transport of particles such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus in airliner cabins, which is a significant concern for the flying public, effective ventilation systems are essential. Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are frequently and effectively used to investigate air distribution and contaminant transportation. The complex geometry and airflow characteristics in airliner cabins pose a challenge to numerical CFD validation.

Corrigendum to "Evaluation of different air distribution systems in a commercial airliner cabin in terms of comfort and COVID-19 infection risk" Build. Environ., Volume 208, January 2022, 108590.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.

Evaluation of different air distribution systems in a commercial airliner cabin in terms of comfort and COVID-19 infection risk.

The air distribution system in an airliner plays a key role in maintaining a comfortable and healthy environment in the aircraft cabin. To evaluate the performance of a novel displacement ventilation (DV) system and a traditional mixing ventilation (MV) system in an airliner cabin, this study conducted experiments and simulations in a seven-row cabin mockup. This investigation used ultrasonic anemometers and T-thermocouples to measure the air velocity, temperature and distribution of 1 μm and 5 μm particles.

The diagnostic indicators of gestational diabetes mellitus from second trimester to birth: a systematic review.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance first recognised during pregnancy. Both modalities and thresholds of the GDM diagnostic test, the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), have varied widely over time and among countries. Additionally, OGTT limitations include inconsistency, poor patient tolerability, and questionable diagnostic reliability.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Statins in Animal Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of stroke with limited treatment options. Statins have shown promise as a therapy for ICH in animal and human studies. We systematically reviewed and assessed the quality of preclinical studies exploring statin-use after ICH to guide clinical trial decision-making and design.

Delirium Prevention, Detection, and Treatment in Emergency Medicine Settings: A Geriatric Emergency Care Applied Research (GEAR) Network Scoping Review and Consensus Statement.

Background: Older adult delirium is often unrecognized in the emergency department (ED), yet the most compelling research questions to overcome knowledge-to-practice deficits remain undefined. The Geriatric Emergency care Applied Research (GEAR) Network was organized to identify and prioritize delirium clinical questions.

Methods: GEAR identified and engaged 49 transdisciplinary stakeholders including emergency physicians, geriatricians, nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and patient advocates.

Mobile Interventional Stroke Team Model Improves Early Outcomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: The NYC MIST Trial.

Background And Purpose: Triage of patients with emergent large vessel occlusion stroke to primary stroke centers followed by transfer to comprehensive stroke centers leads to increased time to endovascular therapy. A Mobile Interventional Stroke Team (MIST) provides an alternative model by transferring a MIST to a Thrombectomy Capable Stroke Center (TSC) to perform endovascular therapy. Our aim is to determine whether the MIST model is more time-efficient and leads to improved clinical outcomes compared with standard drip-and-ship (DS) and mothership models.

Adaptive substitutions underlying cardiac glycoside insensitivity in insects exhibit epistasis in vivo.

Predicting how species will respond to selection pressures requires understanding the factors that constrain their evolution. We use genome engineering of to investigate constraints on the repeated evolution of unrelated herbivorous insects to toxic cardiac glycosides, which primarily occurs via a small subset of possible functionally-relevant substitutions to Na,K-ATPase. Surprisingly, we find that frequently observed adaptive substitutions at two sites, 111 and 122, are lethal when homozygous and adult heterozygotes exhibit dominant neural dysfunction.

Evaluating the commercial airliner cabin environment with different air distribution systems.

Ventilation systems for commercial airliner cabins are important in reducing contaminant transport and maintaining thermal comfort. To evaluate the performance of a personalized displacement ventilation system, a conventional displacement ventilation system, and a mixing ventilation system, this study first used the Wells-Riley equation integrated with CFD to obtain the SARS quanta value based on a specific SARS outbreak on a flight. This investigation then compared the three ventilation systems in a seven-row section of a fully occupied, economy-class cabin in Boeing 737 and Boeing 767 airplanes.

New Predictive Index for Survival in Symptomatic Spinal Metastases.

Objective: Patients with spinal metastases have broad variability in morbidity, mortality, and survival. Existing prognostic scoring systems have limited predictive value. Our aim is, given recent advances in surgical and medical care for patients with cancer and spinal metastases, to develop a new survival index with superior prognostic value.

Prediction of particle deposition around the cabin air supply nozzles of commercial airplanes using measured in-cabin particle emission rates.

Enhanced soiling on the surfaces around air supply nozzles due to particle deposition is frequently observed in commercial airliners. The problem is worsened by severe outdoor air pollution and flight delays in China. The particles in an aircraft cabin originate from both outdoor and in-cabin sources.

An innovative personalized displacement ventilation system for airliner cabins.

In airliner cabins, mixing ventilation systems with gaspers are not efficient in controlling contaminant transport. To improve the cabin environment, this investigation proposed an innovative ventilation system that would reduce contaminant transport and maintain thermal comfort. We manufactured and installed the proposed ventilation system in an occupied seven-row, single-aisle aircraft cabin mockup.

Break Breast Cancer Addiction by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing.

Breast cancer is the leading diagnosed cancer for women globally. Evolution of breast cancer in tumorigenesis, metastasis and treatment resistance appears to be driven by the aberrant gene expression and protein degradation encoded by the cancer genomes. The uncontrolled cancer growth relies on these cellular events, thus constituting the cancerous programs and rendering the addiction towards them.

Mobile Interventional Stroke Teams Lead to Faster Treatment Times for Thrombectomy in Large Vessel Occlusion.

Background And Purpose: Endovascular recanalization treatment for acute ischemic stroke is a complex, time-sensitive intervention. Trip-and-treat is an interhospital service delivery model that has not previously been evaluated in the literature and consists of a shared mobile interventional stroke team that travels to primary stroke centers to provide on-site interventional capability. We compared treatment times between the trip-and-treat model and the traditional drip-and-ship model.

Logistic growth of a surface contamination network and its role in disease spread.

Surfaces and objects surround us, and touching them is integral to everyday life. Pathogen contaminated surfaces (fomites) are known to transmit diseases. However, little is known about the ways and speed at which surfaces become contaminated.

Multimodality Treatment of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms.

Objective: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are heterogeneous, uncommon lesions that can be treated in many fashions. Many previous series have focused on a specific aneurysm subset or treatment paradigm. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive approach for all PICA aneurysms and analyze outcomes by PICA location.

Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014.

Unlabelled: Introduction Comprehensive studies on the relationship between patient demographics and subsequent treatment and disposition at a single mass-gathering event are lacking. The Sydney Royal Easter Show (SRES; Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales, Australia) is an annual, 14-day, agricultural mass-gathering event occurring around the Easter weekend, attracting more than 800,000 patrons per year. In this study, patient records from the SRES were analyzed to examine relationships between weather, crowd size, day of week, and demographics on treatment and disposition.

Investigating the impact of gaspers on cabin air quality in commercial airliners with a hybrid turbulence model.

It is not clear whether turning on the gaspers in the cabins of commercial airliners actually improves the air quality. To answer this question, this study first developed a hybrid turbulence model which was suitable for predicting the air distribution in an aircraft cabin with gaspers turned on. Next, the investigation validated the model using two sets of experimental data from a cabin mockup and an actual airplane.

A technical consideration when using flow diversion for recurrent aneurysms following stent-assisted coiling.

Flow diversion (FD) is a treatment option for recurrent aneurysms including following stent-assisted coiling (SAC), although this approach is both 'off-label' and unproven. A technical challenge of FD placement may involve the microwire catching on the tines of the previously placed stent or potentially going 'in-out-in' from the central axis of the stent. We report a case and technique that assures the wire has safely remained within the central axis of the stent.

A technical consideration when using flow diversion for recurrent aneurysms following stent-assisted coiling.

Flow diversion (FD) is a treatment option for recurrent aneurysms including following stent-assisted coiling (SAC), although this approach is both 'off-label' and unproven. A technical challenge of FD placement may involve the microwire catching on the tines of the previously placed stent or potentially going 'in-out-in' from the central axis of the stent. We report a case and technique that assures the wire has safely remained within the central axis of the stent.

Cochlear Implantation in the Elderly: Does Age Matter?

Objective: To compare the outcome of hearing rehabilitation in younger versus older adult cochlear implant recipients. Analysis of surgical and postoperative complications, as well as the number of auditory therapy sessions in the two age groups.

Study Design: Individual retrospective cohort study.