How to perform Point of Care Ultrasound at resuscitation and when it is useful.

Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) can be useful as a tool before, during and after the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Before or after resuscitation it can help with monitoring unstable hemodynamics, has the potential to identify reversible causes if patient deteriorates. During resuscitation POCUS can help detect potentially treatable causes of the cardiac arrest.

Ultrasound during Advanced Life Support-Help or Harm?

Ultrasound is used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced life support (ALS). However, there is divergence between the recommendations of many emergency and critical care societies who support its use and the recommendations of many international resuscitation organizations who either recommend against its use or recommend it only in limited circumstances. Ultrasound offers potential benefits of detecting reversable causes of cardiac arrest, allowing specific interventions.

Echoscopy in scanning cardiac diseases in critical care medicine.

Background And Aims: Targeted ultrasound examinations with a portable ultrasound device ("handheld ultrasound system"; HHUS) have been defined as "echoscopy" by the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). Cardiac scanning with HHUS is feasible. Echoscopy could play a major role in emergency and intensive care medicine, but adequate data on its effectiveness are still lacking.

Echoscopy in scanning abdominal diseases in a critical care setting.

Background And Aims: Targeted ultrasound examinations with portable ultrasound device (handheld ultrasound system [HHUS]) have been defined as "echoscopy" by the European Federation of Societies of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). For abdominal diseases it has been shown that echoscopy is sensitive and specific. The aim of this study is to show that the use of HHUS for abdominal ultrasonography is possible under the conditions prevailing in emergency and intensive care medicine and that it is not inferior to high-end devices (high-end ultrasound systems [HEUS]).

EchoScopy in scanning abdominal diseases; a prospective single center study.

Background And Aims: The introduction of a new type of small handheld ultrasound device brings greater portability and affordability in a different setting. The basic ultrasound approach with these handheld devices has been defined by European Federation of Societies of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) as "EchoScopy". The current study aimed to assess the image quality, indications and limitations of a portable pocket "EchoScopy" performed first compared with a high-end ultrasound system (second) in abdominal diseases.

Influence of PEGylation on nanoparticle mobility in different models of the extracellular matrix.

Nanoparticle transport inside the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial factor affecting the therapeutic success. In this work, two in vitro ECM models - a neutrally charged collagen I network with an effective pore size of 0.47μm and Matrigel, a basement membrane matrix with strong negative charge and effective pore size of 0.

Ambient atomic resolution atomic force microscopy with qPlus sensors: Part 1.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an enormous tool to observe nature in highest resolution and understand fundamental processes like friction and tribology on the nanoscale. Atomic resolution in highest quality was possible only in well-controlled environments like ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or controlled buffer environments (liquid conditions) and more specified for long-term high-resolution analysis at low temperatures (∼4 K) in UHV where drift is nearly completely absent. Atomic resolution in these environments is possible and is widely used.

Lung B-line artefacts and their use.

Background: The analysis of lung artefacts has gained increasing importance as markers of lung pathology. B-line artefact (BLA), caused by a reverberation phenomenon, is the most important lung artefact. In this review, we discuss the current role of BLA in pneumology and explore open questions of the published consensus.

[Rapid diagnostic in the emergency unit: bedside sonography].

Using bedside ultrasound in the emergency room includes point of care sonography (echoscopy) and several protocols (RUSH, FATE, etc.). The aim of these protocols is to evaluate the life threatening emergency care situation without interrupting the clinical work flow.

Atomic Resolution of Calcium and Oxygen Sublattices of Calcite in Ambient Conditions by Atomic Force Microscopy Using qPlus Sensors with Sapphire Tips.

Characterization and imaging at the atomic scale with atomic force microscopy in biocompatible environments is an ongoing challenge. We demonstrate atomically resolved imaging of the calcite (101̅4) surface plane using stiff quartz cantilevers ("qPlus sensors", stiffness k = 1280 N/m) equipped with sapphire tips in ambient conditions without any surface preparation. With 10 atoms in one surface unit cell, calcite has a highly complex surface structure comprising three different chemical elements (Ca, C, and O).

Oligolayer-coated nanoparticles: impact of surface topography at the nanobio interface.

Layer-by-layer coating of nanoparticles with a layer number in the single-digit range has gained increasing attention in the field of nanomedicinal research. However, the impact of using various polyelectrolytes on oligolayer formation and, more importantly, their influence on the interaction with the biological system has not often been considered in the past. Hence, we investigated the polyelectrolyte deposition profiles and resulting surface topographies of up to three polyelectrolyte layers on a flat gold sensor surface using three different polycations, namely, poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(diallylammonium chloride) (PD), each in combination with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS).

Influence of matrix and filler fraction on biofilm formation on the surface of experimental resin-based composites.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of resin matrix chemistry and filler fraction on biofilm formation on the surface of experimental resin-based composites (RBCs). Specimens were prepared from eight experimental RBC formulations differing in resin matrix blend (BisGMA/TEGDMA in a 7:3 wt% ratio or UDMA/aliphatic dimethacrylate in a 1:1 wt% ratio) and filler fraction (no fillers; 65 wt% dental glass with an average diameter of 7 or 0.7 µm or 65 wt% SiO2 with an average diameter of 20 nm).

Atomically resolved graphitic surfaces in air by atomic force microscopy.

Imaging at the atomic scale using atomic force microscopy in biocompatible environments is an ongoing challenge. We demonstrate atomic resolution of graphite and hydrogen-intercalated graphene on SiC in air. The main challenges arise from the overall surface cleanliness and the water layers which form on almost all surfaces.

Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and release of fluoride from experimental resin-based composites depending on surface treatment and S-PRG filler particle fraction.

Purpose: To evaluate fluoride release and biofilm formation on resin-based composites (RBCs) including surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler particles.

Materials And Methods: Specimens were prepared from experimental RBCs including different fractions of S-PRG fillers (0/10/30/50/70% w/v). RBCs were light cured against mylar strips (MYL), and 50% of the specimens were additionally polished to a high gloss (POL).

Observation of 4 nm pitch stripe domains formed by exposing graphene to ambient air.

We study epitaxial graphene on the 6H-SiC(0001) surface under ambient conditions using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. We observe large terraces with a self-assembled stripe structure within a highly adsorbate covered surface on top of the graphene. To identify the origin of the structure, we compare the experimental data on graphene with calculations and experiments on graphite that predict the formation of a solid-gas monolayer in the solid-liquid interface of hydrophobic surfaces.

qPlus magnetic force microscopy in frequency-modulation mode with millihertz resolution.

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) allows one to image the domain structure of ferromagnetic samples by probing the dipole forces between a magnetic probe tip and a magnetic sample. The magnetic domain structure of the sample depends on the alignment of the individual atomic magnetic moments. It is desirable to be able to image both individual atoms and domain structures with a single probe.

Surgical Wound Fluid From Elderly Patients Shows a Dramatically Reduced Potential to Stimulate In-vitro Recruitment and Differentiation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Role of VEGF-165 and TGF-β1.

Unlabelled: Purpose. Elderly patients are susceptible to wound healing problems due to impaired neovascularisation in tissue repair. We investigated influence of surgical wound fluid (WF) obtained from both young and aged patients after musculoskeletal surgery on in-vitro recruitment and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

CD133+CD34+ stem cells are mobilized after musculoskeletal surgery and target endothelium activated by surgical wound fluid.

Purpose: CD133+CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been shown to differentiate into cell types of nonhematopoietic lineage. It is unclear whether HSCs target and repair damaged musculoskeletal tissue. We aimed to analyze if HSCs are mobilized after musculoskeletal surgery to circulation, home to surgical wound fluid (SWF)-activated endothelium, and are chemoattracted by SWF under in vitro conditions.