Incidental Histopathologic Finding of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Among Surgically Excised Polyps Increases the Risk of Tumor Recurrence.

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor remarkable for its tendency toward recurrence. Local relapse implicates incomplete resection concerning the bone adjacent to tumor base. The high false negative rates on biopsies, mainly when nasal polyps coexist, may affect the surgical management and outcomes.

Comprehensive Profiling of HIV Antibody Evolution.

This study evaluates HIV antibody responses and their evolution during the course of HIV infection. A phage display system is used to characterize antibody binding to >3,300 HIV peptides in 57 adults with early- to late-stage infection. We find that the number of unique epitopes targeted ("antibody breadth") increases early in infection and then stabilizes or declines.

Publisher Correction: PhIP-Seq characterization of serum antibodies using oligonucleotide-encoded peptidomes.

The version of this paper originally published contained typesetter-introduced errors in some of the code commands, consisting of conversion of a closing backslash (\) to a forward slash (/). These errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the protocol.

PhIP-Seq characterization of serum antibodies using oligonucleotide-encoded peptidomes.

The binding specificities of an individual's antibody repertoire contain a wealth of biological information. They harbor evidence of environmental exposures, allergies, ongoing or emerging autoimmune disease processes, and responses to immunomodulatory therapies, for example. Highly multiplexed methods to comprehensively interrogate antibody-binding specificities have therefore emerged in recent years as important molecular tools.

Toward a comprehensive and systematic methylome signature in colorectal cancers.

CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) is one of the underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to define a methylome signature in CRC through a methylation microarray analysis and a compilation of promising CIMP markers from the literature. Illumina HumanMethylation27 (IHM27) array data was generated and analyzed based on statistical differences in methylation data (1st approach) or based on overall differences in methylation percentages using lower 95% CI (2nd approach).

Overexpression of Bcl(XL) in B cells promotes Th1 response and exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis.

B cells play a pathogenic or regulatory role in many autoimmune diseases through production of autoantibodies, cytokine production, and Ag presentation. However, the mechanisms that regulate these B cell functions under different autoimmune settings remain unclear. In the current study, we found that when B cells overexpress an antiapoptotic gene, Bcl(XL), they significantly increased production of IFN-gamma and enhanced Th1 response.

Rectification of age-associated deficiency in cytotoxic T cell response to influenza A virus by immunization with immune complexes.

Decline in cellular immunity in aging compromises protection against infectious diseases and leads to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to infection. In particular, Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against virus is markedly reduced in an aged immune system. It is of great importance to explore novel strategy in eliciting effective antiviral CTL activity in the elderly.

Correction of age-associated deficiency in germinal center response by immunization with immune complexes.

In aging, both primary and secondary antibody responses are impaired. One of the most notable changes in age-associated immune deficiency is the diminished germinal center (GC) reaction. This impaired GC response reduces antibody affinity maturation, decreases memory B cell development, and prevents the establishment of long-term antibody-forming cells in the bone marrow.

An extract of Morinda citrifolia interferes with the serum-induced formation of filamentous structures in Candida albicans and inhibits germination of Aspergillus nidulans.

An aqueous extract of Morinda citrifolia was shown to interfere with the serum-induced morphological conversion of Candida albicans from a cellular yeast to a filamentous form in vitro. The conversion of C. albicans from a cellular yeast to a filamentous form in vivo is associated with pathogenicity.

Blockade of lymphotoxin pathway exacerbates autoimmune arthritis by enhancing the Th1 response.

Objective: To study the role of the lymphotoxin (LT) signaling pathway in the development and pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and to understand the mechanisms by which blockade of the LT pathway influences the arthritogenic response to type II collagen (CII).

Methods: LTalpha-deficient and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were immunized with CII. Male DBA/1 mice were immunized with CII and treated with LTbeta receptor immunoglobulin fusion protein (LTbetaR-Ig) or control Ig.

CXCL13 neutralization reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis.

Objective: To investigate the role of CXCL13 in the development and pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and to determine the mechanisms involved in the modulation of arthritogenic response by CXCL13 neutralization.

Methods: Mice were immunized with type II collagen (CII) and treated with anti-CXCL13 or control antibodies during boosting. Mice were monitored for the development and severity of arthritis.

Separation of the filamentous and cellular yeast forms of C. albicans following serum induction.

Following serum induction of filamentous structures in Candida albicans, the budding and filamentous forms of the organism are separated and the total protein in each form is determined. The method is useful for testing potential chemotherapeutics aimed at interference with the formation of the pathogenic, filamentous form of C. albicans.

Carvone and perillaldehyde interfere with the serum-induced formation of filamentous structures in Candida albicans at substantially lower concentrations than those causing significant inhibition of growth.

Carvone and perillaldehyde were shown to inhibit the transformation of Candida albicans to a filamentous form at concentrations far lower and more biologically relevant than the concentrations necessary to inhibit growth. This morphological transformation is associated with C. albicans pathogenicity; hence these naturally occurring monoterpenes are potential lead compounds in the development of therapeutic agents against C.

A protein-farnesyl transferase inhibitor interferes with the serum-induced conversion of Candida albicans from a cellular yeast form to a filamentous form.

A commercially available, cell permeable, protein-farnesyl transferase inhibitor interfered with the serum-induced morphological change in Candida albicans from a cellular yeast form to a filamentous form. The inhibitor has a negligible effect on the growth of C. albicans cells in the cellular yeast form, at the levels used to interfere with the morphological change.