Publications by authors named "Daniel W Mruzek"

In many studies of the health effects of toxicants, exposure is measured once even though exposure may be continuous. However, some studies collect repeated measurements on participants over an extended time with the goal of determining a long-term metric that captures the average or cumulative exposure. This can be challenging, especially when exposure is measured at irregular intervals and has some missing values.

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Objective: To determine if cesarean delivery is adversely associated with child neurodevelopment as measured at 20 months and 7 years.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study (n = 1328) in the Republic of Seychelles, we examined the association between mode of delivery and 22 measures of child neurodevelopment spanning multiple domains: cognition, executive and psychomotor function, language development, behavior, scholastic achievement, and social communication. Using multivariable linear regression, we evaluated the relationship between delivery mode (Cesarean/vaginal delivery) and each developmental outcome, while controlling for relevant covariates including child sex and age, maternal age, maternal IQ, whether both parents lived with the child, and Hollingshead socioeconomic status.

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This paper examines the reliability and validity of parent target problems (PTPs) in a multi-site randomized controlled trial of parent training (PT) versus psychoeducation (PEP) in children (150 boys, 19 girls; mean age 4.7 ± 1.2 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disruptive behavior.

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Background: Methylmercury (MeHg) is present in fish and is a neurotoxicant at sufficiently high levels. One potential mechanism of MeHg toxicity early in life is epigenetic dysregulation that may affect long-term neurodevelopment. Altered DNA methylation of nervous system-related genes has been associated with adult mental health outcomes.

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The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning.

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Findings from observational and experimental studies suggest that maternal inflammation during pregnancy is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We report the first study in humans to examine this association in a large prospective birth cohort. We studied 788 mother-child pairs from the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2.

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Article Synopsis
  • * In a study involving 33 children aged 3-6, we compared this app-based method against standard behavioral treatment and found both approaches feasible; parents engaged actively with the app with high retention and fidelity.
  • * While no significant differences were observed in accident rates or satisfaction, the app usage suggested potential advantages, highlighting the need for further development and future research with larger participant groups.
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The purpose of this review is to describe and evaluate the existing research on the use of urine alarms in the daytime toilet training of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). A systematic literature search yielded 12 studies, many of which were published over a decade ago. The findings suggest that interventions that incorporate the use of urine alarms are promising in the treatment of daytime enuresis for children with IDD; however, more carefully controlled research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the precise role urine alarms may play in toileting interventions.

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Objective: Impairments associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and noncompliance are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, ADHD response to stimulants is well below rates in typically developing children, with frequent side effects. Group studies of treatments for noncompliance are rare in ASD.

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Importance: Disruptive behavior is common in children with autism spectrum disorder. Behavioral interventions are used to treat disruptive behavior but have not been evaluated in large-scale randomized trials.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of parent training for children with autism spectrum disorder and disruptive behavior.

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We examined predictors of outcome (IQ, adaptive behavior, and ASD severity) after 12 and 24 months of early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) in 71, 20-59 months old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who were enrolled in publicly-funded, community-based agencies. Predictors included social engagement (combining variables loading onto a single factor: social approach, joint attention, and imitation) and sensorimotor rituals. Younger age and higher IQ at intake predicted favorable outcomes at both 12 and 24 months.

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Unlabelled: This review summarizes the pharmacokinetic characteristics, pharmacodynamic properties, common side effects, and clinical advantages and disadvantages associated with atomoxetine (ATX) treatment in typically developing children and adults with ADHD. Then the clinical research to date in developmental disabilities (DD), including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is summarized and reviewed. Of the 11 relevant reports available, only two were placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials, and both focused on a single DD population (ASD).

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Objective: Earlier assessment of autism improves outcomes. In addition, children with autism have significant need for medical care. Therefore, identification of factors associated with delays in the early diagnosis of autism and with decreased access to care has the potential to lead to interventions that will improve health and well-being.

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