Under the framework of the DAISIE consortium, whose main mission is to make an inventory of the alien invasive species of Europe and its islands, we review the current state of knowledge and provide an up-to-date catalogue and distributional status for alien seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Europe. This work is based on studies of the species detected from the last century to the present, but with greater emphasis on the beginning of the 21st century, during which new biological studies have been carried out and findings made in European countries. The main objective of this paper is to focus on this last fact, which has promoted new views on the existing and potential threat of exotic bruchids in relation to climate change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
July 2009
Objective: This article presents the results from a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram in adolescent patients with major depressive disorder.
Method: Male and female adolescents (aged 12-17 years) with DSM-IV-defined major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with escitalopram 10 to 20 mg/day (n = 155) or placebo (n = 157). The primary efficacy parameter was change from baseline to week 8 in Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) score using the last observation carried forward approach.
Objective: This trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed dose of escitalopram 10 mg/day with sertraline optimally dosed within its recommended dose range (50-200 mg/day) for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Methods: In this multicenter trial, depressed patients (DSM-IV defined; baseline Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] 22) aged 18-80 years were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with escitalopram (10 mg/day) or sertraline (50-200 mg/day) following a 1-week single-blind placebo lead-in period. There was no placebo comparison arm.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
March 2006
Objective: Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant indicated for use in adults. This trial examined the efficacy and safety of escitalopram in pediatric depression.
Method: Patients (6-17 years old) with major depressive disorder were randomized to receive 8 weeks of double-blind flexibly dosed treatment with escitalopram (10-20 mg/day; n = 131) or placebo (n = 133).
Clin Pharmacol Ther
January 2006
Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the Alzheimer's disease treatment memantine in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.
Methods: This was a single-center, single-dose, open-label study. Thirty-two subjects aged 18 to 80 years were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (8 subjects each) based on baseline creatinine clearance: normal renal function (>80 mL/min), mild renal impairment (50-80 mL/min), moderate renal impairment (30-49 mL/min), and severe renal impairment (5-29 mL/min).
Background: The high prevalence rates of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly population suggest that concomitant pharmacotherapy is likely. Given the renal tubular transport and extensive urinary excretion of memantine and metformin, it was of interest to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction with glyburide/metformin.
Objective: The primary goal of this study was to determine whether an in vivo pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction exists between memantine (an uncompetitive, moderate-affinity, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with fast blocking/unblocking kinetics that is available in the United States for moderate to severe AD) and glyburide/metformin (a combination pharmacotherapy formulation approved for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus).
Background: Escitalopram is the most selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressant available. Venlafaxine is a non-selective SRI that also inhibits noradrenergic re-uptake. This study compared escitalopram and venlafaxine extended release (XR) in depressed outpatients at the highest doses recommended in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Memantine, a low- to moderate-affinity, uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, was approved in the US for treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease in October 2003.
Objective: To determine whether an in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction exists between memantine and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor donepezil.
Methods: In this open-label, multiple-dose study, 24 healthy subjects (aged 18-35 y) received oral administration of memantine 10 mg on day 1.