Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Invasiveness: New Insights and Therapeutic Targets.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain cancer in adults. Without treatment the mean patient survival is approximately 6 months, which can be extended to 15 months with the use of multimodal therapies. The low effectiveness of GBM therapies is mainly due to the tumor infiltration into the healthy brain tissue, which depends on GBM cells' interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Cancer Stem Cell and Aggressiveness Traits Are Promoted by Stable Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1c in Glioblastoma Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor due to its elevated recurrence following treatments. This is mainly mediated by a subpopulation of cells with stemness traits termed glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), which are extremely resistant to anti-neoplastic drugs. Thus, an advancement in the understanding of the molecular processes underlying GSC occurrence should contribute significantly towards progress in reducing aggressiveness.

Challenges and Potential to Revamp the Normative Framework on the Right to Development.

The world is currently at an ebb for realizing the Right to Development. Weakening multilateralism, de-globalization, the COVID-19 pandemic and inertia to reform international governance are among the multitude of reasons for this phenomenon. However, the need for a better, more inclusive and greener recovery, and the efforts necessary to attain the 2030 Agenda have provided the international community an opportunity to reinvigorate its realization.

A Adenosine Receptor Enhances Chemoresistance of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells under Hypoxia: New Insights into MRP3 Transporter Function.

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by its high chemoresistance and the presence of a cell subpopulation that persists under hypoxic niches, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). The chemoresistance of GSCs is mediated in part by adenosine signaling and ABC transporters, which extrude drugs outside the cell, such as the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) subfamily. Adenosine promotes MRP1-dependent chemoresistance under normoxia.

Adapt to Persist: Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Epigenetic Regulation on Cell Plasticity.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor, characterized by great resistance to treatments, as well as inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. GBM exhibits infiltration, vascularization and hypoxia-associated necrosis, characteristics that shape a unique microenvironment in which diverse cell types are integrated. A subpopulation of cells denominated GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) exhibits multipotency and self-renewal capacity.

Potential Therapeutic Effects of the Neural Stem Cell-Targeting Antibody Nilo1 in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Stem Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating and least treatable brain tumor with median survival <15 months and extremely high recurrence rates. Promising results of immune checkpoint blockade obtained from pre-clinical studies in mice did not translate to clinic, and new strategies are urgently needed, particularly those targeting GBM stem cells (GSCs) that are held responsible for drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Patient-derived GSC cultures are critical for finding effective brain tumor therapies.

Decreased Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) Activity Contributes to the High Extracellular Adenosine Levels in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant types of cancer. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine which has been associated with increased chemoresistance, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma.

Adenosine Depletion as A New Strategy to Decrease Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells Aggressiveness.

Glioblastoma is the brain tumor with the worst prognosis. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine, which are increased even more under hypoxic conditions.

Recovery and functional validation of hidden soil enzymes in metagenomic libraries.

The vast microbial diversity on the planet represents an invaluable source for identifying novel activities with potential industrial and therapeutic application. In this regard, metagenomics has emerged as a group of strategies that have significantly facilitated the analysis of DNA from multiple environments and has expanded the limits of known microbial diversity. However, the functional characterization of enzymes, metabolites, and products encoded by diverse microbial genomes is limited by the inefficient heterologous expression of foreign genes.

Extracellular adenosine promotes cell migration/invasion of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells through A Adenosine Receptor activation under hypoxia.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the brain tumor with the worst prognosis composed of a cell subpopulation called Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs) responsible for tumor recurrence mediated by cell invasion. GSCs persist in a hypoxic microenvironment which promotes extracellular adenosine production and activation of the A Adenosine Receptor (AAR), therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of extracellular adenosine and AAR on GSCs invasion under hypoxia. GSCs were obtained from a U87MG cell line and primary cultures of GBM patients, and then incubated under normoxia or hypoxia.

Incidence and Prevalence of Cancer in Colombia: The Methodology Used Matters.

Purpose: Incidence and prevalence are important factors in policy making and planning in health care systems. The aim of this study was to compare two different estimates of the incidence and prevalence of cancer in Colombia-real-world data from the health care system and estimates from cancer registries.

Materials And Methods: Data from all providers were aggregated by the High-Cost Diseases Office (Cuenta de Alto Costo [CAC]).

The Adenosine A₃ Receptor Regulates Differentiation of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells to Endothelial Cells under Hypoxia.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a neoplasm characterized by an extensive blood vessel network. Hypoxic niches of GBM can induce tumorigenic properties of a small cell subpopulation called Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and can also increase extracellular adenosine generation which activates the A₃ adenosine receptor (A₃AR). Moreover, GSCs potentiates the persistent neovascularization in GBM.

Role of extracellular vesicles in glioma progression.

The role of extracellular vesicles in cancer biology has emerged as a focus of the study of great importance and has been shown to directly influence tumour development in several cancers including brain tumours, such as gliomas. Gliomas are the most aggressive brain tumours, and in the last time, a considerable effort has been made to understand their biology. Studies focus in the signalling pathways involved in the processes of angiogenesis, viability, drug resistance and immune response evasion, as well as gliomas ability to infiltrate healthy tissue, a phenomenon regulated by the migratory and invasive capacity of the cells within a tumour.

Current Therapeutic Alternatives and New Perspectives in Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Background: In the last two decades, there have been significant technological advances in the early detection of brain tumors. However, no notable improvements have been observed in the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), the most common brain neoplasm coupled with the worst prognosis. GBM is characterized by an extensive resistance to a broad spectrum of anti-tumor drugs.

Multidrug resistance in glioblastoma stem-like cells: Role of the hypoxic microenvironment and adenosine signaling.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the most common and aggressive tumour of the central nervous system and is characterized for being highly chemoresistant. This property is mainly due to the activation of Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) mechanisms that protect cancer cells from structurally and morphologically different drugs. Overexpression and increased ABC transporters activity is one of the most important MDR mechanisms at the clinical level, and both its expression and activity are elevated in GBM cells.

Adenosine A3 receptor elicits chemoresistance mediated by multiple resistance-associated protein-1 in human glioblastoma stem-like cells.

MRP1 transporter correlates positively with glioma malignancy and the Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) phenotype in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Evidence shows that the MRP1 transporter is controlled by the adenosine signalling axis. The aim of this study was to identify the role of adenosine on the MDR phenotype in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs), the cell population responsible for the tumorigenic and chemoresistance capabilities of this tumour.

Pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic properties of the α /β-thujone fraction from Thuja occidentalis on glioblastoma cells.

The most aggressive type of brain tumor is glioblastoma multiforme, which to date remains incurable. Thuja occidentalis is used in homeopathy for the treatment of cancer, however, its mechanism of action remains unknown. We set out to study the effects of thujone fractions of Thuja on glioblastoma using in vitro and in vivo models.

Modification of TiO by Bimetallic Au-Cu Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment.

Au, Cu and bimetallic Au-Cu nanoparticles were synthesized on the surface of commercial TiO compounds (P25) by reduction of the metal precursors with tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) (0.5 % in weight). The alloyed structure of Au-Cu NPs was confirmed by HAADF-STEM, EDS, HRTEM and XPS techniques.

Identification and characterization of an alternative oxidase in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.

Mitochondria of Metarhizium anisopliae contain an alternative oxidase (AOX), which reduces oxygen to water by accepting electrons directly from ubiquinol. AOX activity is demonstrated in situ as a constitutive enzyme. Greatest activity of AOX appears at the beginning and at the end of the fungal developmental cycle, germination of aerial conidia and the formation of submerged conidia, respectively.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial genome of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana reveals high intraspecific variation.

Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus with a growing potential for pest control in different agro-ecosystems worldwide. Such potential brings the necessity of developing a strain specific typing system. In a previous study, we reported the identification of molecular variants in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism in 15 North American isolates.