Pharmacometabolomics via real-time breath analysis captures metabotypes of asthmatic children associated with salbutamol responsiveness.

Asthma is a widespread respiratory disease affecting millions of children. Salbutamol is a well-established bronchodilator available to treat asthma. However, response to bronchodilators is very heterogeneous, particularly in children.

Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) drive lung function decline in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). While the respiratory microbiota is clearly associated with RTI pathogenesis in infants without CF, data on infants with CF is scarce. We compared nasal microbiota development between infants with CF and controls and assessed associations between early-life nasal microbiota, RTIs, and antibiotic treatment in infants with CF.

Data accuracy, consistency and completeness of the national Swiss cystic fibrosis patient registry: Lessons from an ECFSPR data quality project.

Background: Good data quality is essential when rare disease registries are used as a data source for pharmacovigilance studies. This study investigated data quality of the Swiss cystic fibrosis (CF) registry in the frame of a European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) project aiming to implement measures to increase data reliability for registry-based research.

Methods: All 20 pediatric and adult Swiss CF centers participated in a data quality audit between 2018 and 2020, and in a re-audit in 2022.

Substances from unregulated drug markets - A retrospective data analysis of customer-provided samples from a decade of drug checking service in Zurich (Switzerland).

Background: Drug checking services (DCS) are harm reduction interventions for people who consume illicit substances. Unregulated drug markets lead to samples with unexpected and variable contents. A retrospective data analysis of Zurich's DCS was performed to determine the nature of these samples.

Use of the head-twitch response to investigate the structure-activity relationships of 4-thio-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenylalkylamines.

Rationale: 4-Thio-substituted phenylalkylamines such as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) produce psychedelic effects in humans and have been distributed as recreational drugs.

Objectives: The present studies were conducted to examine the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a series of 4-thio-substituted phenylalkylamines using the head twitch response (HTR), a 5-HT receptor-mediated behavior induced by psychedelic drugs in mice. The HTR is commonly used as a behavioral proxy in rodents for human psychedelic effects and can be used to discriminate hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic 5-HT agonists.

Pharmacological characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) analogs and two amphetamine-based compounds: N,α-DEPEA and DPIA.

3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a psychoactive compound chemically related to the entactogen MDMA. MDA shares some of the entactogenic effects of MDMA but also exerts stimulant effects and psychedelic properties at higher doses. Here, we examined the pharmacological properties of MDA analogs and related amphetamine-based compounds detected in street drug samples or in sport supplements.

Receptor Interaction Profiles of 4-Alkoxy-3,5-Dimethoxy-Phenethylamines (Mescaline Derivatives) and Related Amphetamines.

3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine (mescaline) is a psychedelic alkaloid found in peyote cactus. Related 4-alkoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (scalines) and amphetamines (3C-scalines) are reported to induce similarly potent psychedelic effects and are therefore potential novel therapeutics for psychedelic-assisted therapy. Herein, several pharmacologically uninvestigated scalines and 3C-scalines were examined at key monoamine targets .

Developmental respiratory physiology.

Various developmental aspects of respiratory physiology put infants and young children at an increased risk of respiratory failure, which is associated with a higher rate of critical incidents during anesthesia. The immaturity of control of breathing in infants is reflected by prolonged central apneas and periodic breathing, and an increased risk of apneas after anesthesia. The physiology of the pediatric upper and lower airways is characterized by a higher flow resistance and airway collapsibility.

Multichannel esophageal signals to monitor respiratory rate in preterm infants.

Background: Apnea of prematurity cannot be reliably measured with current monitoring techniques. Instead, indirect parameters such as oxygen desaturation or bradycardia are captured. We propose a Kalman filter-based detection of respiration activity and hence apnea using multichannel esophageal signals in neonatal intensive care unit patients.

Inflammatory bowel disease and the lung in paediatric patients.

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the past 20 years. Pulmonary involvement in paediatric IBD is rare but may be missed since the spectrum of symptoms is broad and mimics other diseases. The most important differential diagnoses of pulmonary manifestations of IBD are infections and therapy-related side-effects.

Respiratory symptoms do not reflect functional impairment in early CF lung disease.

Background: Lung disease can develop within the first year of life in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms in infancy are not known.

Methods: We assessed respiratory symptoms in 50 infants with CF and 50 healthy matched controls from two prospective birth cohort studies.

Severe Acute Lung Injury After H2O2 Irrigation of an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in an 8-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.

An 8-year-old girl developed severe acute lung injury after irrigation of a pelvic aneurysmal bone cyst with H2O2 and filling with bone cement. Sudden profound oxygen desaturation occurred on the operating table when the patient was turned from the prone to the supine position. After a brief improvement in her oxygenation, the girl developed rapidly progressing severe respiratory failure necessitating reintubation and hour-long manual ventilation, while copious amounts of hemorrhagic frothy fluids were aspirated through the endotracheal tube.

Laryngeal reflex responses in pediatric anesthesia.

Laryngeal and respiratory reflexes are vitally important defense mechanisms against foreign body aspiration, safeguarding airway patency, and ventilation. These highly preserved automatisms easily overrule external influences like willpower or (anesthetic) medication. Prevention and anticipation are, therefore, the essential strategies to avoid adverse events and damage, and treatment is most effective in the early stage of the reflex response.

Receptor Interaction Profiles of 4-Alkoxy-Substituted 2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamines and Related Amphetamines.

2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2) is a potent psychedelic compound. Structurally related 4-alkyloxy-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines and phenethylamine congeners (2C-O derivatives) have been described but their pharmacology is mostly undefined. Therefore, we examined receptor binding and activation profiles of these derivatives at monoamine receptors and transporters.

Diagnosis of asthma in children: the contribution of a detailed history and test results.

Introduction: There are few data on the usefulness of different tests to diagnose asthma in children.

Aim: We assessed the contribution of a detailed history and a variety of diagnostic tests for diagnosing asthma in children.

Methods: We studied children aged 6-16 years referred consecutively for evaluation of suspected asthma to two pulmonary outpatient clinics.

Prevalence of high-risk drug-drug interactions in paediatric inpatients: a retrospective, single-centre cohort analysis.

Aims Of The Study: Drug-drug interaction (DDI) screening programmes aim to increase the safety of medication by issuing alerts based on the severity of DDIs, since an increased risk of adverse drug events has been reported for some DDIs (clinically relevant alerts). However, not all DDI alerts may be clinically relevant, depending on the clinical decision support system (CDSS) interaction tool used and the target population. There are few data about the frequency and relevance of DDIs in the paediatric population.

A Swiss database and biobank to better understand and manage congenital lung anomalies.

Congenital lung anomalies are a group of rare malformations, often diagnosed during the prenatal period. Guidelines on how to manage these patients are currently under debate, especially with regard to prophylactic surgery in asymptomatic patients, or how to proceed with conservative follow-up. Currently, there is no clear consensus on management strategies.

Monoamine receptor interaction profiles of 4-aryl-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines (2C-BI derivatives).

Many ring-substituted phenethylamines exert psychedelic effects that are thought to be primarily mediated by interactions with serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 (5-HT) receptors. The 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C derivative) core structure with small lipophilic substituents at the 4-position seems to be particularly favorable for psychedelic effects. In contrast, 2C derivatives with bulky lipophilic substituents at the 4-position of the phenyl ring tend to display antagonist behavior at serotonin 5-HT receptor sites.

Do clinical investigations predict long-term wheeze? A follow-up of pediatric respiratory outpatients.

Introduction: The contribution of clinical investigations to prediction of long-term outcomes of children investigated for asthma is unclear.

Aim: We performed a broad range of clinical tests and investigated whether they helped to predict long-term wheeze among children referred for evaluation of possible asthma.

Methods: We studied children aged 6 to 16 years referred to two Swiss pulmonary outpatient clinics with a history of wheeze, dyspnea, or cough in 2007.

Damage control orthopedics applied in an 8-year-old child with life-threatening multiple injuries: A CARE-compliant case report.

Rationale: Damage control is a staged surgical approach to manage polytraumatized patients. The damage control approach comprises three steps. First, bleeding is controlled and fractures are stabilized temporarily; second, vital parameters are stabilized and the child is rewarmed in the intensive care unit; and third, the child is reoperated for definitive repair of injuries.

[A Child's Sleep: A Book with Seven Seals? A Guide to Systematic Problem Identification and Solution].

A Child's Sleep: A Book with Seven Seals? A Guide to Systematic Problem Identification and Solution Abstract. The sleep of a child can be influenced and sometimes disturbed by many, often development-associated, phenomena. This results not only in a burden for the child, but regularly also for the parents, who in their need for help, often seek the advice of the attending physician.

[Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Childhood].

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Childhood Abstract. One out of ten healthy children is a habitual snorer, and one fourth of snoring children suffer from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). While OSAS is widely recognized as a relevant social and health problem due to its negative impact on behavior and neurocognitive development, the medical significance of habitual snoring remains debated.

CPAP to diagnose laryngeal clefts by flexible endoscopy in infants.

Background: Laryngeal clefts (LC) are uncommon but important causes of stridor in infants. Direct laryngoscopy is the recommended method for the detection of LC because LC may be missed by flexible endoscopy. As laryngomalacia by far outnumbers any other cause of stridor in this age group flexible bronchoscopy is usually the preferred method for the evaluation of significant infantile stridor.