Assessment of treatment-specific tethering survival bias for the juvenile blue crab Callinectes sapidus in a simulated salt marsh.

The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is ecologically and economically important in Chesapeake Bay. Nursery habitats, such as seagrass beds, disproportionately contribute individuals to the adult segment of populations. Salt marshes dominated by smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora are intertidal nursery habitats which may serve as a refuge from predation for juvenile blue crabs.

Mechanistic Study of Coffee Effects on Gut Microbiota and Motility in Rats.

Consumption of coffee has benefits in postoperative ileus. We tested the hypothesis that the benefits may be related to the effects of coffee on gut microbiota and motility and studied the mechanisms of action in rats. The in vitro and in vivo effects of regular and decaffeinated (decaf) coffee on gut microbiota of the ileum and colon were determined by bacterial culture and quantitative RT-PCR.

A longitudinal study of topic classification on Twitter.

Twitter represents a massively distributed information source over topics ranging from social and political events to entertainment and sports news. While recent work has suggested this content can be narrowed down to the personalized interests of individual users by training topic filters using standard classifiers, there remain many open questions about the efficacy of such classification-based filtering approaches. For example, over a year or more after training, how well do such classifiers generalize to future novel topical content, and are such results stable across a range of topics? In addition, how robust is a topic classifier over the time horizon, .

Neurological outcomes after traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest: a systematic review.

Background: Despite appropriate care, most patients do not survive traumatic cardiac arrest, and many survivors suffer from permanent neurological disability. The prevalence of non-dismal neurological outcomes remains unclear.

Objectives: The aim of the current review is to summarize and assess the quality of reporting of the neurological outcomes in traumatic cardiac arrest survivors.

Prognostic Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Solid Tumours on Systemic Therapy: A Systematic Review.

 Patients undergoing systemic cancer therapy are susceptible to developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). The most pertinent prognostic factors for VTE remain unclear. This systematic review aims to summarize prognostic factors associated with VTE in this population.

Genetic syndromes with diabetes: A systematic review.

Previous reviews and clinical guidelines have identified 10-20 genetic syndromes associated with diabetes, but no systematic review has been conducted to date. We provide the first comprehensive catalog for syndromes with diabetes mellitus. We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed, OMIM, and Orphanet databases for case reports, case series, and observational studies published between 1946 and January 15, 2020, that described diabetes mellitus in adults and children with monogenic or chromosomal syndromes.

An opioid receptor-independent mechanism underlies motility dysfunction and visceral hyperalgesia in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.

Constipation and abdominal pain are commonly encountered in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD). The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, and treatments are not satisfactory. As patients with OBD often have fecal retention, we aimed to determine whether fecal retention plays a pathogenic role in the development of constipation and abdominal pain in OBD, and if so to investigate the mechanisms.

Higher Mortality in Women After Coronary Artery Bypass: Meta-analysis and Bias Analysis of Confounding.

Background: Some studies suggest that the observed higher mortality in women compared with men after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is due to confounding. Our meta-analysis aimed to (1) summarize the effect of sex on mortality after CABG and (2) identify whether unmeasured confounding likely explains the apparent higher mortality in women.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for studies examining sex and 30-day mortality after CABG.

The crossover design for studies of infertility employing in-vitro fertilization: A methodological survey.

Background: Infertility has become increasingly common worldwide. There is a need for the infertility literature to evaluate new interventions with IVF. The crossover design presents many methodological advantages for IVF trials.

Catalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Using Iron/Palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticle-Assembled Filter Paper.

Iron/palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe/Pd NPs) are important catalytic materials for the field of environmental remediation. In the present study, filter paper was employed as a substrate for the assembly of Fe/Pd NPs and further applied for the catalytic conversion of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) toward trivalent Cr(III). First, a filter paper with negative charge was assembled with a layer of positively charged polyethylenimine (PEI) through electrostatic interaction; then, the abundant amine groups of PEI were used to complex Fe(III) ions, followed by reduction via sodium borohydride to produce an Fe NP-assembled filter paper.

Reporting quality of pilot clinical trials in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis: a methodological survey.

Background: The conduct of high-quality pilot studies can help inform the success of larger clinical trials. Guidelines have been recently developed for the reporting of pilot trials.

Objective: This methodological survey evaluates the completeness of reporting in pilot randomized controlled trials in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (HD patients) and explores factors associated with better completion of reporting.

Performing a catalysis reaction on filter paper: development of a metal palladium nanoparticle-based catalyst.

We report the polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) onto filter paper for catalytic applications. In this work, filter paper was first assembled with PEI electrostatic interaction, and the PEI-assembled filter paper was then complexed with PdCl ions, followed by sodium borohydride reduction to generate Pd NP-immobilized filter paper. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that Pd NPs have a diameter of 3 nm and are capable of being immobilized onto the filter paper.

Agreement in reporting between trial publications and current clinical trial registry in high impact journals: A methodological review.

Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic survey was to examine the percentage of studies in which there was agreement in the reporting of the primary outcome between the currently updated version of the clinical trial registry and the published paper. We also investigated the factors associated with agreement in reporting of the primary outcome.

Methods: We searched PubMed for all randomized control trials (RCT)s published in 2012-2015 in the top five general medicine journals (based on the 2014 impact factor).

Bile acid flux through portal but not peripheral veins inhibits CYP7A1 expression without involvement of ileal FGF19 in rabbits.

It was proposed that CYP7A1 expression is suppressed through the gut-hepatic signaling pathway fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, which is initiated by activation of farnesoid X receptor in the intestine rather than in the liver. The present study tested whether portal bile acid flux alone without ileal FGF19 could downregulate CYP7A1 expression in rabbits. A rabbit model was developed by infusing glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) through the splenic vein to bypass ileal FGF19.