European clinical practice guideline: managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

Objective: To propose a European consensus for managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) to guide primary care and specialist physicians.

Methods: Twenty-three European experts (otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons) participated in a modified Delphi process to revise 38 statements about the definition, clinical management, and treatment of LPRD. Three voting rounds were conducted on a 5-point scale and a consensus was defined a priori as agreement by 80% of the experts.

[Gastric vs. supragastric belching, singultus, aerophagia, and differential diagnoses : An interdisciplinary perspective for otorhinolaryngologists].

Belching is the act of expelling air from the stomach or esophagus into the pharynx. Although the process is regarded as physiological, excessive belching might be associated with a significant burden for affected patients in the sense of a belching disorder. Diagnosis of a belching disorder is often challenging, and its differentiation from other conditions such as rumination syndrome, singultus, or aerophagia can be difficult.

[Help, I can't burp! A brief overview and case discussion of retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction].

In this short communication, we discuss the recently described syndrome of retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (R-CPD) with its first description in 2019 by the laryngologist Dr. Bastian. Diagnosis is generally based on typical clinical symptoms, e.

Case report and review of the literature: rare fetus-in-fetu presenting as oropharyngeal epignathus.

An epignathus is caused by a continuous spectrum of masses of the oral cavity or oropharynx ranging in its entity from mature teratoma to the exceedingly rare fetus-in-fetu. Due to its location, regardless of the entity, the occurrence of an epignathus is frequently associated with life threatening airway obstruction. Here we demonstrate a case of a fetus-in-fetu presenting as an epignatus.

[Current possibilities and challenges in the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux].

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is characterized by backflow of gastric or gastroduodenal content and gases into the upper aerodigestive tract, which can damage the mucus membranes of the larynx and pharynx. It is associated with a variety of symptoms such as retrosternal burning and acid regurgitation, or other unspecific symptoms such as hoarseness, globus sensation, chronic cough, or mucus hypersecretion. Due to the lack of data and the heterogeneity of studies, diagnosis of LPR is problematic and challenging, as recently discussed.

[Transcultural German translation of the reflux symptom score-12 questionnaire].

In addition to clinical and instrumental methods as well as medical history, questionnaires are well-established tools in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Recently, the reflux symptom score (RSS) as well as the short version of it, the RSS-12, which are self-administered patient-reported outcome questionnaires, have been published as an alternative to the well-established reflux symptom index (RSI). The RSS-12 assesses severity and frequency of LPR symptoms as well as the impact on quality of life and has been shown to have high reliability and validity.

Short-term outcome after singular hydraulic EsoFLIP dilation in patients with achalasia: A feasibility study.

Background: Achalasia is a chronic esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, determined by an elevated integrated relaxation pressure (IRP > 15 mm Hg) and absent peristalsis. Goal of treatment is facilitation of flow across the EGJ but minimizing postinterventional reflux. A new advanced hydraulic dilation technology, the esophageal functional luminal imaging probe (EsoFLIP), allows dynamic monitoring of hollow organ dimensions while performing hydraulic dilation.

Endoscope presence during endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) influences FLIP metrics in the evaluation of esophageal dysmotility.

Background: The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) system is an FDA-approved tool for dynamic evaluation of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Even though commercially available since 2009, FLIP utilization remains low, partly due to lack of consensus in methodology and interpretation. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the influence of concurrent endoscopy on FLIP measurements.

Opioid Treatment and Excessive Alcohol Consumption Are Associated With Esophagogastric Junction Disorders.

Background/aims: The influence of external factors such as opioids and alcohol has been extensively investigated for various segments of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the association between their use and the development of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction disorders (EGJOODs) is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze prevalence and clinical relevance of opioids and alcohol intake in patients with EGJOODs.

Differentiation of functional gastrointestinal disorders from healthy volunteers by lactulose hydrogen breath test and test meal.

Background And Aim: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction with incompletely understood pathophysiology. Consequently, heterogeneous expert opinions on diagnostic tests and assessment of treatment efficacies exist. So far, no consensus about the most relevant diagnostic and outcome tool has been reached.

Acute COPD exacerbation presenting with pronounced intrabullous haemorrhage and haemoptysis.

A 54-year-old man with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with subacute onset of chest pain, shortness of breath, productive cough with haemoptysis and night sweats. There were no fever or recent weight loss reported. The chest radiograph showed right upper lobe bullae with adjacent opacification and an emphysematous lung.

Recurrent episodes of esophageal candidiasis without dysphagia post-Guillain-Barré syndrome: an unusual presentation of achalasia.

Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old male with a history of a Guillain-Barré-syndrome, who was referred to our clinic with recurrent esophageal candidiasis and long-standing intermittent retrosternal cramps for further evaluation. Other symptoms such as dysphagia, regurgitations and weight loss were denied, and prior repeated endoscopy was otherwise unremarkable. Using high resolution impedance manometry, we could demonstrate a panesophageal pressure increase on water swallows and complete aperistalsis of the tubular esophagus, indicating achalasia type II.

Claudin expression in the rat endolymphatic duct and sac - first insights into regulation of the paracellular barrier by vasopressin.

Hearing and balance functions of the inner ear rely on the homeostasis of the endolymphatic fluid. When disturbed, pathologic endolymphatic hydrops evolves as observed in Menière's disease. The molecular basis of inner ear fluid regulation across the endolymphatic epithelium is largely unknown.