Ultrasound findings provide clues to investigate founder mutations expressed as runs of homozygosity in chromosomal microarray studies.

Objectives: Chromosomal microarray analysis is effectively applied prenatally to detect copy number changes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) probes included in the microarray platform can detect regions of excessive homozygosity and identical-by-descent genomic stretches. The utility of the latter as part of prenatal diagnosis is not well established.

Early second-trimester molar tooth sign.

Molar tooth sign (MTS) is pathognomonic for Joubert syndrome (JS) and related disorders. We report a case in which MTS was suspected in an 'at risk' patient at 16 weeks' gestation by sonography and at 18 weeks by additional ultrasound. It was then confirmed at 20 weeks by MRI.

Infertility associated with precoital ovulation in observant Jewish couples; prevalence, treatment, efficacy and side effects.

Background: Religious (halachic*) infertility' results from precoital ovulation prior to immersion in a ritual bath (mikveh) 7 days after menstruation, as mandated by Jewish religious law. Previous authors recommended treatment with estradiol to postpone ovulation and enhance pregnancy rates.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of halachic infertility in an ultra-Orthodox jewish community, and assess the efficacy of estradiol treatment in postponing ovulation and increasing pregnancy rates.

Infertility counseling for Orthodox Jewish couples.

Objective: To examine traditional Jewish concepts and practices of reproduction, and define problems that may arise in members of Orthodox Jewish society that follows the Halachah (the Jewish codes of conduct).

Design: Expert opinion based on clinical experience.

Setting: Academic-affiliated fertility clinic situated in an observant Jewish community.