Personal assistants in England and the factors associated with absenteeism.

Personal assistants (PAs) have become an increasingly important element of long-term care (LTC) in England since the introduction of Direct Payments in 1996 and the Care Act 2014 legislation. The PAs, who are directly employed by social care users, can perform a number of support tasks including vital assistance in activities of daily living (ADL). Internationally these roles would be classed as domestic care work, including the employment of migrant care workers, e.

Social care causes of delayed transfer of care (DTOC) from hospital for older people: Unpicking the nuances of 'provider capacity' and 'patient choice'.

Unnecessarily prolonged stays in hospitals can have negative impacts on patients and present avoidable costs to health and social care systems. This paper presents the qualitative findings of a multi-methods study of the social care causes of delayed transfers of care (DTOC) for older people in England. The quantitative strand of this study found that DTOC are significantly affected by homecare supply.

How local partnerships to improve urgent and emergency care have impacted delayed transfers of care from hospitals in England: an analysis based on a synthetic control estimation method.

Objectives: Patients should be discharged from hospital when they are medically fit. However, discharges are often delayed for non-medical reasons including access to social care. One aim of local health and social care partnerships to improve urgent and emergency care in England (known as urgent and emergency care (UEC) vanguards) was to improve integration of health and social care, which could lead to fewer delays.

The influence of home care supply on delayed discharges from hospital in England.

Background: Delayed transfers of care (DTOC) of patients from hospital to alternative care settings are a longstanding problem in England and elsewhere, having negative implications for patient outcomes and costs to health and social care systems. In England, a large proportion of DTOC are attributed to a delay in receiving suitable home care. We estimated the relationship between home care supply and delayed discharges in England from 2011 to 2016.

Mechanistic studies on tandem cascade [4 + 2]/ [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with olefins.

The mechanism of the reaction of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with alkenes (ethylene) and cycloalkenes (cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene and cycloocene) have been studied computationally at the DFT M06-2X/6-311G* level. The reaction is found to proceed via a concerted [4 + 2] addition followed by nitrogen extrusion and then [3 + 2] addition in a tandem cascade fashion, which in the case of cycloalkenes leads to exo-fused or endo-fused subframes, the exo of which is kinetically and thermodynamically favored. The [4 + 2] step is the rate-determining step of the reaction.