The importance of accounting method and sampling depth to estimate changes in soil carbon stocks.

Background: As interest in the voluntary soil carbon market surges, carbon registries have been developing new soil carbon measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols. These protocols are inconsistent in their approaches to measuring soil organic carbon (SOC). Two areas of concern include the type of SOC stock accounting method (fixed-depth (FD) vs.

[Glioblastoma in adults].

Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain cancer in adults, and the disease has a serious prognosis. Although great progress has been made in molecular characteristics, no major breakthroughs in treatment have been achieved for many years. In this article we present a clinical review of current diagnostics and treatment, as well as the challenges and opportunities inherent in developing improved and more personalised treatment.

3D-Printed masks as a new approach for immobilization in radiotherapy - a study of positioning accuracy.

We developed a new approach to produce individual immobilization devices for the head based on MRI data and 3D printing technologies. The purpose of this study was to determine positioning accuracy with healthy volunteers. 3D MRI data of the head were acquired for 8 volunteers.

Correlation Between SUVmax and CT Radiomic Analysis Using Lymph Node Density in PET/CT-Based Lymph Node Staging.

Unlabelled: In patients with lung cancer (LC), malignant melanoma (MM), gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs), and prostate cancer (PCA), lymph node (LN) staging is often performed by F-FDG PET/CT (LC and MM), Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT (GEP NET), and Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT (PCA) but is sometimes not accurate because of indeterminate PET findings. To better evaluate malignant LN infiltration, additional surrogate parameters, especially in cases with indeterminate PET findings, would be helpful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether SUV in the PET examination might correlate with semiautomated density measurements of LNs in the CT component of the PET/CT examination.

Radiomic Analysis using Density Threshold for FDG-PET/CT-Based N-Staging in Lung Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Mediastinal nodal (N)-staging done by integrated 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/x-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) in lung cancer patients is not always accurate. In order to reduce the need for invasive staging procedures, additional surrogate parameters for the detection of malignant lymph node infiltration would be helpful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if radiomic semi-automated density profiling in mediastinal lymph nodes can improve preclinical N-staging, irrespective of the specific lung cancer entity.

Increased x-ray attenuation in malignant vs. benign mediastinal nodes in an orthotopic model of lung cancer.

Purpose: Staging of lung cancer is typically performed with fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT); however, false positive PET scans can occur due to inflammatory disease. The CT scan is used for anatomic registration and attenuation correction. Herein, we evaluated x-ray attenuation (XRA) within nodes on CT and correlated this with the presence of malignancy in an orthotopic lung cancer model in rats.

A Comparison of microCT and microPET for Evaluating Lymph Node Metastasis in a Rat Model.

Purpose: The demand to optimize multidisciplinary treatment strategies in patients with benign and malignant diseases of the lung and other organs has led to the increased need of mechanistic proof-of-concept studies in preclinical small animal models using new non-invasive imaging methods. Therefore, we evaluated the role of microPET and microCT for mediastinal lymph node staging in an orthotopic lung cancer model in rats.

Procedures: Human lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) were injected transthoracically in nude rats (NIH-RNU).

Qualitative and quantitative image analysis of CT and MR imaging in patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases in comparison to (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET.

Purpose: To compare lesion conspicuity in patients with liver metastases arising from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) using MRI, PET and CT.

Materials And Methods: 16 patients with GEP-NETs were evaluated using non-contrast MRI, contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI using Gd-EOB-DTPA and CE-(68)Ga-DOTATOC PET. Quantitative analyses were performed by two blinded readers using ROI-analyses quantifying contrast ratios (CR) between normal liver-tissue and GEP-NET-metastases.

Quantitative volumetric CT-histogram analysis in N-staging of 18F-FDG-equivocal patients with lung cancer.

Unlabelled: Lung cancer often coexists with acute and chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, mediastinal lymph nodes may be false-positive on (18)F-FDG PET because of the inflammatory disease alone. Nevertheless, (18)F-FDG PET/CT is the primary imaging modality used for staging patients with lung cancer, including nodal status.

Case of a closed choledochocele with biliary and pancreatic drainage via the accessory duct causing acute pancreatitis.

Type III choledochal cysts, also called choledochoceles, are rare cystic dilatations of the terminal biliary tree. We report the case of a 'closed choledochocele', in which the bile and ventral pancreatic ducts emptied into the cyst, but because there was no outlet into the duodenum, drainage was retrograde via the accessory duct. This type of choledochocele variant has never previously been described in the medical literature.