Pembrolizumab-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency Presenting Eight Months After Cessation of Treatment.

Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that functions as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. It is an FDA-approved immunotherapy used to treat various malignancies. With its wide use in cancer therapy, there are many known side effects.

A Delayed Presentation of Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage Secondary to COVID-19.

Background/objective: Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage is a rare cause of adrenal insufficiency. Cases have been reported of acute adrenal crisis with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage during acute coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Our objective was to report a delayed presentation of acute adrenal crisis with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage 2 months after COVID-19.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF COMMONLY UTILIZED REGIMENS OF VITAMIN D REPLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE THERAPY IN ADULTS.

Objective: To determine which vitamin D dose, formulation, and schedule most effectively and safely achieves a 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level of >30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L).

Methods: In this prospective study, 100 subjects from the NY Harbor HCS Brooklyn Campus, ages 25 to 85 years, with 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (<75 nmol/L), were randomized into four groups: cholecalciferol (D3) 2,000 international units (IU) daily; D3 3,000 IU daily; ergocalciferol (D2) 50,000 IU weekly; and D2 50,000 IU twice weekly. All were supplemented with 500 mg calcium carbonate daily.

Stromal-derived factor-1 delivered via hydrogel drug-delivery vehicle accelerates wound healing in vivo.

Topical treatment of superficial wounds has many advantages including decreased cost and increased ease of application compared with systemic treatments. Many of the advantages, however, are lost when it is necessary for repeated doses of topical medications to be given over an extended period of time. Therefore, a drug-delivery vehicle that delivers biologically appropriate doses in a sustained fashion would prove valuable.

Therapeutic metabolic inhibition: hydrogen sulfide significantly mitigates skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide is capable of mitigating the degree of cellular damage associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is protective in skeletal muscle.

Methods: This study used both in vitro (cultured myotubes subjected to sequential anoxia and normoxia) and in vivo (mouse hind-limb ischemia followed by reperfusion) models in which hydrogen sulfide (0 to 1000 μM) was delivered before the onset of oxygen deficiency.

Regulation of vasculogenesis by platelet-mediated recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells.

Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to physiological and pathological vascular remodeling throughout ontogenesis and adult life. During tissue regeneration and tumor growth, the release of cytokines and chemokines mediates the recruitment of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells that contribute to the assembly of neovessels. Current evidence implies that platelets contribute structurally and instructively to vascular remodeling.

Contribution of marrow-derived progenitors to vascular and cardiac regeneration.

Adult bone marrow is a rich reservoir of tissue-specific pluripotent stem and progenitor cells. Accumulating evidence suggest that these cells have the potential of contributing to tissue revascularization and cardiac regeneration. Physiological stress results in the release of specific chemokines and cytokines that promote mobilization of stem cells to the peripheral circulation.