A theoretically guided approach to identifying predictors of treatment outcome in Contextual Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for chronic pain.

Background: Psychological treatments are known to be effective for chronic pain, but little is understood about which patients are most likely to benefit from which ones.

Methods: The study reported here included 609 people who attended a residential, interdisciplinary, pain management programme based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy between January 2012 and August 2014. A flexible and theoretically guided approach to model building based on fractional polynomials was used to identify potential predictors of outcome in domains of emotional, physical and social functioning and pain intensity.

Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Contextual Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: There is increasing evidence that contextual forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective in the management of chronic pain, yet little is understood about the factors that moderate or predict outcomes in these treatments. This systematic review aimed to identify pretreatment participant characteristics associated with positive treatment responses in contextual CBT for chronic pain. Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL were searched to identify eligible studies.

Comparison of the King's and MiToS staging systems for ALS.

Objective: To investigate and compare two ALS staging systems, King's clinical staging and Milano-Torino (MiToS) functional staging, using data from the LiCALS phase III clinical trial (EudraCT 2008-006891-31).

Methods: Disease stage was derived retrospectively for each system from the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised subscores using standard methods. The two staging methods were then compared for timing of stages using box plots, correspondence using chi-square tests, agreement using a linearly weighted kappa coefficient and concordance using Spearman's rank correlation.

Prognosis of Brief Psychotic Episodes: A Meta-analysis.

Importance: The prognostic significance of competing constructs and operationalizations for brief psychotic episodes (acute and transient psychotic disorder [ATPD], brief psychotic disorder [BPD], brief intermittent psychotic symptoms [BIPS], and brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms [BLIPS]) is unknown.

Objective: To provide a meta-analytical prognosis of the risk of psychotic recurrence in patients with remitted first-episode ATPD, BPD, BIPS, and BLIPS and in a benchmark group of patients with remitted first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We hypothesized a differential risk: FES > ATPD > BPD > BIPS > BLIPS.

Heterogeneity of Psychosis Risk Within Individuals at Clinical High Risk: A Meta-analytical Stratification.

Importance: Individuals can be classified as being at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis if they meet at least one of the ultra-high-risk (UHR) inclusion criteria (brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms [BLIPS] and/or attenuated psychotic symptoms [APS] and/or genetic risk and deterioration syndrome [GRD]) and/or basic symptoms [BS]. The meta-analytical risk of psychosis of these different subgroups is still unknown.

Objective: To compare the risk of psychosis in CHR individuals who met at least one of the major inclusion criteria and in individuals not at CHR for psychosis (CHR-).

Association of KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism with episodic memory in the early stages of a human neurodevelopmental disorder.

A common T/C polymorphism within the ninth intron of the KIBRA gene (rs17070145) is thought to influence memory in humans. Since cognitive impairment, including memory, is a core feature of schizophrenia, we attempted to investigate this association in an independent sample of adolescent patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset before age 18) probands and their healthy siblings. In a sample of 25 pairs of EOS proband-healthy full sibling, we sought to investigate the association of KIBRA with memory performance.

Association of a Serotonin Receptor 2A Gene Polymorphism with Visual Sustained Attention in Early-Onset Schizophrenia Patients and their Non-Psychotic Siblings.

The serotonin receptor 2A gene polymorphism is associated with attentional processes in schizophrenia. However, the specificity of the underlying cognitive constructs affected within this domain requires further elucidation. We carried out the first investigation of whether the TC/CC genotype of the 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism confers impairments in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset of psychotic symptoms before age 18) but not in healthy siblings, the putative mechanism being that serotonergic inhibitory modulation of prefrontal dopamine is impaired in the presence of the C allele which in turn is a genetic risk marker for schizophrenia.