Perceived dehydration impairs endurance cycling performance in the heat in active males.

Dehydration of >3 % body mass impairs endurance performance irrespective of the individual's knowledge of their hydration status, but whether knowledge of hydration status influences performance at lower levels of dehydration is unknown. This study examined whether perception of hydration status influenced endurance performance. After familiarisation, nine active males (age 25 ± 2 y, V̇O 52.

sp. nov., isolated from Scandinavian patients with seal finger or septic arthritis after contact with seals.

Seal finger (sealer's finger, spekk finger), an extremely painful hand infection contracted by individuals handling seals, has previously been associated with . From 2000 to 2014, six independent strains of a novel species were isolated at Statens Serum Institut, Denmark, from Scandinavian patients with seal finger (M5725, M6447, M6620, M6642 and M6879) or septic arthritis (M6921). Prior to the onset of infection, all patients had reported contact with unspeciated seals.

Mouth Rinsing With a Pink Non-caloric, Artificially-Sweetened Solution Improves Self-Paced Running Performance and Feelings of Pleasure in Habitually Active Individuals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve self-selected running speed and distance covered during a 30 min running protocol. Ten healthy and habitually active individuals (six males, four females) completed two experimental trials in a randomised, single-blind, crossover design. Each experimental trial consisted of a 30 min treadmill run at a self-selected speed equivalent to 15 (hard/heavy) on the rating of perceived exertion scale.

Angiotensin II Infusion for Shock: A Multicenter Study of Postmarketing Use.

Background: Vasodilatory shock refractory to catecholamine vasopressors and arginine vasopressin is highly morbid and responsible for significant mortality. Synthetic angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that may be suitable for use in these patients.

Research Question: What is the safety and effectiveness of angiotensin II and what variables are associated with a favorable hemodynamic response?

Study Design And Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective study at five tertiary medical centers in the United States.

The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on performance and fat oxidation during a 40 km cycling time trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation with 12 mg⋅day astaxanthin for 7 days can improve exercise performance and metabolism during a 40 km cycling time trial.

Design: A randomised, double-blind, crossover design was employed.

Methods: Twelve recreationally trained male cyclists (VO: 56.

Ketamine/propofol admixture vs etomidate for intubation in the critically ill: KEEP PACE Randomized clinical trial.

Background: Periintubation hypotension is associated with poor outcomes in the critically ill. We aimed to determine if an admixture of ketamine and propofol for emergent endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients was superior to etomidate. Primary endpoint was the change in mean arterial pressure from baseline to 5 minutes postdrug administration.

Complete Sequence and Annotation of the Mycoplasma phocicerebrale Strain 1049 Genome.

The genome was analyzed to better understand this opportunistic pathogen. Amplification with ϕ29 polymerase was used to generate enough genomic DNA for large-insert library construction. Like other mycoplasmas from seals, encodes an immunosuppressor that may predispose susceptibility to infection or influence intercurrent diseases of affected hosts.

Complete Sequence and Annotation of the Mycoplasma phocidae Strain 105 Genome.

The genome of Mycoplasma phocidae strain 105 was analyzed in order to improve our understanding of its role in epidemic marine mammal mortalities. It was found to encode a suite of immunosuppressors that may enable evasion of host defenses and modulate susceptibility to viral coinfections or their severity in seals.

New insights into the adaptive transcriptional response to nitrogen starvation in .

Bacterial adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses often involve large-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome. Since nitrogen is an essential component of the bacterial cell, the transcriptional basis of the adaptive response to nitrogen starvation has been well studied. The adaptive response to N starvation in is primarily a 'scavenging response', which results in the transcription of genes required for the transport and catabolism of nitrogenous compounds.

Sialidase and N-acetylneuraminate catabolism in nutrition of Mycoplasma alligatoris.

The contribution of N-acetylneuraminate scavenging to the nutrition of Mycoplasma alligatoris was examined. The wild-type grew substantially faster (P<0.01) than the mutant strains that were unable either to liberate (extracellular NanI mutants) or to catabolize (NanA mutants) N-acetylneuraminate from glycoconjugates in minimal SP-4 medium supplemented only with serum, but the growth of sialidase-negative mutants could not be restored to wild-type rate simply by adding unconjugated sialic acid to the culture medium.

Nitrogen Starvation Induces Persister Cell Formation in Escherichia coli.

To cope with fluctuations in their environment, bacteria have evolved multiple adaptive stress responses. One such response is the nitrogen regulation stress response, which allows bacteria, such as , to cope with and overcome conditions of nitrogen limitation. This response is directed by the two-component system NtrBC, where NtrC acts as the major transcriptional regulator to activate the expression of genes to mount the response.

A novel regulatory factor affecting the transcription of methionine biosynthesis genes in Escherichia coli experiencing sustained nitrogen starvation.

The initial adaptive transcriptional response to nitrogen (N) starvation in Escherichia coli involves large-scale alterations to the transcriptome mediated by the transcriptional activator, NtrC. One of these NtrC-activated genes is yeaG, which encodes a conserved bacterial kinase. Although it is known that YeaG is required for optimal survival under sustained N starvation, the molecular basis by which YeaG benefits N starved E.

Astaxanthin in Exercise Metabolism, Performance and Recovery: A Review.

During periods of heavy exercise training and competition, lipid, protein, and nucleic molecules can become damaged due to an overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) within the exercising organism. As antioxidants can prevent and delay cellular oxidative damage through removing, deactivating, and preventing the formation of RONS, supplementation with exogenous antioxidant compounds has become a commercialized nutritional strategy commonly adopted by recreationally active individuals and athletes. The following review is written as a critical appraisal of the current literature surrounding astaxanthin and its potential application as a dietary supplement in exercising humans.

Quantifying the effects of acute hypoxic exposure on exercise performance and capacity: A systematic review and meta-regression.

Objective: To quantify the effects of acute hypoxic exposure on exercise capacity and performance, which includes continuous and intermittent forms of exercise.

Design: A systematic review was conducted with a three-level mixed effects meta-regression. The ratio of means method was used to evaluate main effects and moderators providing practical interpretations with percentage change.

Implementation of a Goal-Directed Mechanical Ventilation Order Set Driven by Respiratory Therapists Improves Compliance With Best Practices for Mechanical Ventilation.

Purpose: Data regarding best practices for ventilator management strategies that improve outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are readily available. However, little is known regarding processes to ensure compliance with these strategies. We developed a goal-directed mechanical ventilation order set that included physician-specified lung-protective ventilation and oxygenation goals to be implemented by respiratory therapists (RTs).

Critical Care Organizations: Business of Critical Care and Value/Performance Building.

Objective: New, value-based regulations and reimbursement structures are creating historic care management challenges, thinning the margins and threatening the viability of hospitals and health systems. The Society of Critical Care Medicine convened a taskforce of Academic Leaders in Critical Care Medicine on February 22, 2016, during the 45th Critical Care Congress to develop a toolkit drawing on the experience of successful leaders of critical care organizations in North America for advancing critical care organizations (Appendix 1). The goal of this article was to provide a roadmap and call attention to key factors that adult critical care medicine leadership in both academic and nonacademic setting should consider when planning for value-based care.

The U.S. Culture Collection Network Responding to the Requirements of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing.

The U.S. Culture Collection Network held a meeting to share information about how culture collections are responding to the requirements of the recently enacted Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

Later life swimming performance and persistent heart damage following subteratogenic PAH mixture exposure in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

High-level, acute exposures to individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complex PAH mixtures result in cardiac abnormalities in developing fish embryos. Whereas acute PAH exposures can be developmentally lethal, little is known about the later life consequences of early life, lower level PAH exposures in survivors. A population of PAH-adapted Fundulus heteroclitus from the PAH-contaminated Superfund site, Atlantic Wood Industries, Elizabeth River, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, is highly resistant to acute PAH cardiac teratogenicity.