A global comparative study of wealth-pain gradients: Investigating individual- and country-level associations.

Pain is a significant yet underappreciated dimension of population health. Its associations with individual- and country-level wealth are not well characterized using global data. We estimate both individual- and country-level wealth inequalities in pain in 51 countries by combining data from the World Health Organization's World Health Survey with country-level contextual data.

Longitudinal associations between mental health and social environment in older adults: a multilevel growth modeling.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess longitudinal relationships between social environment indicators (social connectedness, social engagement, social contribution) and mental health indicators (depression and anxiety) among community-dwelling adults age 55 years and older.

Methods: Data were drawn from 3-waves of the national longitudinal survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) ( = 2,020; age range = 55-94 years). We developed multilevel growth models to ascertain the relationships of interest, controlling for sociodemographic and physical health factors.

Association Between Publicly Funded Contraceptive Services and the Abortion Rate in Texas, 2010-2015.

Objective: To evaluate how the availability of contraceptive services was associated with a change in the abortion rate before and after Texas' legislative changes to the family planning budget in 2011 and abortion access in 2013.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained 2010 and 2015 data on contraceptive provision (number of publicly funded clinics and number of contraceptive clients served per 1,000 reproductive-aged women) from the Guttmacher Institute and county-level abortion data from the Texas Department of State Health Services. We categorized counties as having an abortion rate that increased or declined less than the national rate between 2010 and 2015 ( low-decline counties ) compared with those having an abortion rate that declined equal to or greater than the national rate between 2010 and 2015 ( high-decline counties ).

The Effects of Family Transitions on Depressive Symptoms: Differences among Young Adults with and without Childhood Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is tied to higher levels of depression, but the social factors that shape these associations are not well understood. This study considers whether family transitions affect depressive symptoms differently for young adults with and without childhood symptoms of ADHD at subthreshold or diagnostic levels. Between-within regression analysis of nationally representative longitudinal survey data shows that transitions into cohabitation and parenthood affect depressive symptoms differently for young adults with and without childhood symptoms of ADHD.

Living with a Smoker and Physical Inactivity across Eight Years in High-Risk Medical Patients.

Recent research has demonstrated a link between living with a smoker and physical inactivity. However, no research has examined this issue in the context of recovery in medical patients. The present study broadens research on living with a smoker by applying it to physical inactivity in a group of high-risk medical patients with histories of cancer or cardiovascular disease compared to a control group without histories of these conditions.

Clarifying assumptions in age-period-cohort analyses and validating results.

Background: Age-period-cohort (APC) models are often used to decompose health trends into period- and cohort-based sources, but their use in epidemiology and population sciences remains contentious. Central to the contention are researchers' failures to 1) clearly state their analytic assumptions and/or 2) thoroughly evaluate model results. These failures often produce varying conclusions across APC studies and generate confusion about APC methods.

Performance of an Abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) in Three Ethnic Groups of Older Asian Americans.

Background And Objectives: The present study examined the measurement quality and performance of an abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) in three ethnic groups (Chinese, Koreans, and Vietnamese) of older Asian Americans, addressing both within- and cross-group validations.

Research Design And Methods: We selected 605 participants aged 50 or older (242 Chinese, 150 Koreans, and 213 Vietnamese) from the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life survey, conducted with self-identified Asian Americans aged 18 or above living in central Texas. We analyzed LSNS-6 data on measurement qualities (internal consistency and corrected item-total correlation), dimensionality (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), and correlations with other indicators.

Final Overall Survival Results from a Phase 3 Study to Compare Tivozanib to Sorafenib as Third- or Fourth-line Therapy in Subjects with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Tivozanib is a potent and selective inhibitor of the VEGF receptor. In an open-label, randomized phase 3 trial, we compared tivozanib to sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who had received two or three prior therapies. We have previously reported that the study met its primary endpoint, demonstrating an improvement in progression-free survival with tivozanib versus sorafenib (5.

Living with a Smoker and Multiple Health-Risk Behaviors.

Background: Behavioral medicine is showing growing theoretical and applied interest in multiple health-risk behaviors. Compared to engaging in a single health-risk behavior, multiple health-risk behaviors are linked to increased morbidity and mortality. A contextual determinant of multiple risk behaviors may be living with a smoker.

Health Behaviors and Prenatal Health Conditions in Repeat Vs First-time Teenage Mothers in the United States: 2015-2018.

Study Objective: Repeat teenage mothers, those who give birth to a second or higher-order infant before age 20 years, are at elevated risk for adverse perinatal outcomes compared with first-time teenage mothers. The objective of the current study was to compare the prevalence of negative pregnancy-related behaviors and gestational health conditions in the national United States population of first-time and repeat teenage mothers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study using annual US birth data files from 2015 to 2018, N = 799,756 (673,394 [84.

A longitudinal evaluation of government-sponsored job skills training and basic employment services among U.S. baby boomers with economic disadvantages.

Job skills training is a cost-effective strategy for improving employment among individuals who have low income and employment barriers, but few U.S. government-sponsored employment program participants have received such training.

Differences in abortion rates by race-ethnicity after implementation of a restrictive Texas law.

Objective: To evaluate the association between a restrictive Texas law, House Bill 2 (HB2), and receipt of in-clinic abortion by patient's race-ethnicity.

Study Design: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected Texas state statistics on number of abortions, abortions per county, and abortions per county by race-ethnicity for 2012, before HB2 was enacted, and 2015, after HB2 was in effect. Using female reproductive-aged population estimates, we calculated the abortion rate and percent change in the abortion rate between the two time periods by county, patient residence in a county with an open clinic or HB2-related clinic closure, and change in distance to an open clinic for each race-ethnicity.

Spillover Effects of Job Skills Training on Substance Misuse Among Low-Income Youths With Employment Barriers: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

To examine spillover effects of job skills training (vs basic services only [e.g., adult basic education, job readiness training]) on substance misuse among low-income youths with employment barriers.

Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration, and Supplementation Among Mexican-Origin Women in Texas.

Background: Mexican-origin women breastfeed at similar rates as white women in the United States, yet they usually breastfeed for less time. In our study, we seek to identify differences in Mexican-origin women's breastfeeding intentions, initiation, continuation, and supplementation across nativity and country-of-education groups.

Methods: The data are from a prospective cohort study of postpartum women ages 18 to 44 recruited from 8 Texas hospitals.

Race/ethnicity, maternal educational attainment, and infant mortality in the United States.

This study examines patterns of and explanations for racial/ethnic-education disparities in infant mortality in the United States. Using linked birth and death data (2007-2010), we find that while education-specific infant mortality rates are similar for Mexican Americans and Whites, infants of college-educated African American women experience 3.1 more deaths per 1,000 live births (Rate Ratio = 1.

Living with a smoker, health risk behaviors, and adiposity: an analysis with middle-aged and older women.

This study investigated: (a) the association between living with a smoker and weight-related health risk behaviors, and (b) the role of these behaviors in indirectly linking living with a smoker to general and central adiposity. Participants were 83,492 women (age M = 63.5, SD = 7.

County-Level Clustering and Characteristics of Repeat Versus First Teen Births in the United States, 2015-2017.

Purpose: Approximately 16% of U.S. births to women aged 15-19 years are repeat (second or higher order) births.

Living With a Smoker and General and Central Adiposity in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Purpose: We hypothesized that living with a smoker would be positively associated with general and central adiposity among middle-aged and older women.

Design: Prospective across up to 8 years.

Setting: Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Measurement Equivalence of English Versus Native Language Versions of the Kessler 6 (K6) Scale: An Examination in Three Asian American Groups.

The use of languages other than English in population-based surveys is necessitated by the linguistic diversities in the United States. However, inclusion of multiple languages in survey data collection raises concerns about whether an instrument administered in different languages functions equivalently across groups. Using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 6 (K6), the present study examined differential item functioning (DIF) between surveys conducted either in English or the native language of the groups of Chinese Americans (n = 622), Korean Americans (n = 471), and Vietnamese Americans (n = 513).

Historical neighborhood poverty trajectories and child sleep.

Objectives: To determine whether historical neighborhood poverty measures are associated with mothers' reports of their children's sleep duration and to compare results from historical neighborhood poverty measures to contemporaneous measures of neighborhood poverty.

Design: The Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study is a follow-up survey of mothers who gave birth between 2003 and 2007. GROW mothers assessed their own and their children's health and health behaviors 5-10 years later (2012-2013).

Bioequivalence of Intravenous and Oral Rolapitant: Results From a Randomized, Open-Label Pivotal Study.

Rolapitant, a selective and long-acting neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is approved in an oral formulation for the prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. The objective of this pivotal study was to assess the bioequivalence of a single intravenous infusion of rolapitant versus a single oral dose of rolapitant. In this randomized, open-label phase 1 study, healthy volunteers were administered rolapitant as a 180-mg oral dose or a 30-minute 166.

Effects of Rolapitant Administered Intravenously or Orally on the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin (P-glycoprotein Substrate) and Sulfasalazine (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate) in Healthy Volunteers.

Rolapitant is a selective and long-acting neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist approved in an oral formulation in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. Four open-label phase 1 studies evaluated the safety and drug-drug interactions of a single dose of rolapitant given intravenously (166.5 mg) or orally (180 mg) with oral digoxin (0.