Repeated loss of the ability of a wild pepper disease resistance gene to function at high temperatures suggests that thermoresistance is a costly trait.

Specificity in plant-pathogen gene-for-gene (GFG) interactions is determined by the recognition of pathogen proteins by the products of plant resistance (R) genes. The evolutionary dynamics of R genes in plant-virus systems is poorly understood. We analyse the evolution of the L resistance locus to tobamoviruses in the wild pepper Capsicum annuum var.

World Heart Federation Consensus on Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM).

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive and fatal condition that requires early diagnosis, management, and specific treatment. The availability of new disease-modifying therapies has made successful treatment a reality. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy can be either age-related (wild-type form) or caused by mutations in the TTR gene (genetic, hereditary forms).

Helmet Shape and Phylogeography of the Treehopper .

(Hemiptera: Membracidae) is distributed in four biogeographic provinces of Mexico. Field observations indicate that there are different forms of this species, but the distribution of the phenotype and the genetic variation of this species have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to quantify the phenotypic and genetic variation of and determine whether the configuration of biogeographic provinces impacts the distribution of this variation.

Bergmann's Rule under Rocks: Testing the Influence of Latitude and Temperature on a Chiton from Mexican Marine Ecoregions.

Bergmann's rule relates the trend of increasing body size with higher latitudes, where colder climates are found. In the Mexican Pacific, three marine ecoregions are distinguishable across a latitudinal gradient. is an abundant chiton species that is distributed on rocky shores in these ecoregions.

Conservation genomics of Weber var. azul: low genetic differentiation and heterozygote excess in the tequila agave from Jalisco, Mexico.

Background: Genetic diversity is fundamental for the survival of species. In particular, in a climate change scenario, it is crucial that populations maintain genetic diversity so they can adapt to novel environmental conditions. Genetic diversity in wild agaves is usually high, with low genetic differentiation among populations, in part maintained by the agave pollinators such as the nectarivorous bats.

Changes in demography and geographic distribution in the weeping pinyon pine () during the Pleistocene.

Climate changes, together with geographical barriers imposed by the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Chihuahuan Desert, have shaped the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of different species in northern Mexico. Gordon & Glend. tolerates extremely arid conditions.

The genomic signature of wild-to-crop introgression during the domestication of scarlet runner bean ( L.).

The scarlet runner bean () is one of the five domesticated species. It is cultivated in small-scale agriculture in the highlands of Mesoamerica for its dry seeds and immature pods, and unlike the other domesticated beans, is an open-pollinated legume. Contrasting with its close relative, the common bean, few studies focusing on its domestication history have been conducted.

Landscape genetics of the tropical willow Salix humboldtiana: influence of climate, salinity, and orography in an altitudinal gradient.

Premise: Gene flow in riparian ecosystems is influenced by landscape features such as orography, climate, and salinity. The downstream increase in genetic diversity (DIGD) hypothesis states that the unidirectionality of the watercourse causes an accumulation of genetic diversity toward downstream populations, while upstream populations are more structured and less diverse, especially in water-dispersed organisms.

Methods: We used chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites to characterize genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow patterns among populations of Salix humboldtiana across an elevation and salinity gradient on three rivers (Actopan, Antigua, and Blanco) in Mexico.

Squash root microbiome transplants and metagenomic inspection for in situ arid adaptations.

Arid zones contain a diverse set of microbes capable of survival under dry conditions, some of which can form relationships with plants under drought stress conditions to improve plant health. We studied squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) root microbiome under historically arid and humid sites, both in situ and performing a common garden experiment.

Co-structure analysis and genetic associations reveal insights into pinworms (Trypanoxyuris) and primates (Alouatta palliata) microevolutionary dynamics.

Background: In parasitism arm race processes and red queen dynamics between host and parasites reciprocally mold many aspects of their genetics and evolution. We performed a parallel assessment of population genetics and demography of two species of pinworms with different degrees of host specificity (Trypanoxyuris multilabiatus, species-specific; and T. minutus, genus-specific) and their host, the mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata), based on mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite loci (these only for the host).

Dispersal limitations and long-term persistence drive differentiation from haplotypes to communities within a tropical sky-island: Evidence from community metabarcoding.

Neutral theory proposes that dispersal stochasticity is one of the main drivers of local diversity. Haplotypes-level genetic variation can now be efficiently sampled from across whole communities, thus making it possible to test neutral predictions from the genetic to species-level diversity, and higher. However, empirical data is still limited, with the few studies to date coming from temperate latitudes.

Environmental heterogeneity shapes physiological traits in tropical direct-developing frogs.

Tropical ectotherm species tend to have narrower physiological limits than species from temperate areas. As a consequence, tropical species are considered highly vulnerable to climate change since minor temperature increases can push them beyond their physiological thermal tolerance. Differences in physiological tolerances can also be seen at finer evolutionary scales, such as among populations of ectotherm species along elevation gradients, highlighting the physiological sensitivity of such organisms.

Genomic, Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Tools to Study the Domestication of Plants and Animals: A Field Guide for Beginners.

In the last decade, genomics and the related fields of transcriptomics and epigenomics have revolutionized the study of the domestication process in plants and animals, leading to new discoveries and new unresolved questions. Given that some domesticated taxa have been more studied than others, the extent of genomic data can range from vast to nonexistent, depending on the domesticated taxon of interest. This review is meant as a rough guide for students and academics that want to start a domestication research project using modern genomic tools, as well as for researchers already conducting domestication studies that are interested in following a genomic approach and looking for alternate strategies (cheaper or more efficient) and future directions.

Phylogenomics and molecular species delimitation reveals great cryptic diversity of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus), ancient origins, and diversification in Mexico.

We utilize the efficient GBS technique to obtain thousands of nuclear loci and SNPs to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Mexican leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylus). Through the incorporation of unprecedented sampling for this group of geckos, in combination with genomic data analysis, we generate mostly consistent phylogenetic hypotheses using two approaches: supermatrix and coalescent-based inference. All topologies depict three, mutually exclusive major clades.

The relevance of gene flow with wild relatives in understanding the domestication process.

The widespread use of genomic tools has allowed for a deeper understanding of the genetics and the evolutionary dynamics of domestication. Recent studies have suggested that multiple domestications and introgression are more common than previously thought. However, the ability to correctly infer the many aspects of domestication process depends on having an adequate representation of wild relatives.

Contemporary evolution of maize landraces and their wild relatives influenced by gene flow with modern maize varieties.

Mexico is recognized as the center of origin and domestication of maize. Introduction of modern maize varieties (MVs) into Mexico raised concerns regarding the possible effects of gene flow from MVs into maize landraces (LRs) and their wild relatives (WRs), teosintes. However, after more than 60 y from the release of the first MVs, the impact of the sympatry with LRs and their WRs has not been explored with genetic data.

Regional patterns of genetic structure and environmental differentiation in willow populations ( Willd.) from Central Mexico.

Aim: To infer the geological and climatic factors that have shaped the genetic diversity and structure of a willow species () in three basins of Central Mexico.

Location: Central Mexico.

Methods: We collected samples from 11 populations across two hydrological basins (Balsas and Lerma) and one population from another basin (Ameca) within the Mexican Central Plateau (MCP).

The Genome of Cucurbita argyrosperma (Silver-Seed Gourd) Reveals Faster Rates of Protein-Coding Gene and Long Noncoding RNA Turnover and Neofunctionalization within Cucurbita.

Whole-genome duplications are an important source of evolutionary novelties that change the mode and tempo at which genetic elements evolve within a genome. The Cucurbita genus experienced a whole-genome duplication around 30 million years ago, although the evolutionary dynamics of the coding and noncoding genes in this genus have not yet been scrutinized. Here, we analyzed the genomes of four Cucurbita species, including a newly assembled genome of Cucurbita argyrosperma, and compared the gene contents of these species with those of five other members of the Cucurbitaceae family to assess the evolutionary dynamics of protein-coding and long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) genes after the genome duplication.

Influence of fruit dispersal on genotypic diversity and migration rates of a clonal cactus from the Chihuahuan Desert.

The diverse offspring of clonal species differ in their dispersability, influencing genotypic diversity and clonal structure. Here, we determined dispersal patterns and their impact on genetic structure in , a self-incompatible cactus with three dispersal units (one sexual and two clonal). We analyzed dispersal, using experiments at three populations, and assessed multilocus genotypes (ISSR markers) of all individuals in 10 clumps per population with known reproductive origin (sexual or clonal).

Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Subtype 3 in Human Populations, with Special Reference to a Rural Population in Central Mexico.

subtype 3 (ST3) is a parasitic protist found in the digestive tract of symptomatic and asymptomatic humans around the world. While this parasite exhibits a high prevalence in the human population, its true geographic distribution and global genetic diversity are still unknown. This gap in knowledge limits the understanding of the spread mechanisms, epidemiology, and impact that this parasite has on human populations.

Multi-locus phylogenetics, lineage sorting, and reticulation in Pinus subsection Australes.

Premise Of The Study: Both incomplete lineage sorting and reticulation have been proposed as causes of phylogenetic incongruence. Disentangling these factors may be most difficult in long-lived, wind-pollinated plants with large population sizes and weak reproductive barriers.

Methods: We used solution hybridization for targeted enrichment and massive parallel sequencing to characterize low-copy-number nuclear genes and high-copy-number plastomes (Hyb-Seq) in 74 individuals of Pinus subsection Australes, a group of ~30 New World pine species of exceptional ecological and economic importance.

An Initiative for the Study and Use of Genetic Diversity of Domesticated Plants and Their Wild Relatives.

Domestication has been influenced by formal plant breeding since the onset of intensive agriculture and the Green Revolution. Despite providing food security for some regions, intensive agriculture has had substantial detrimental consequences for the environment and does not fulfill smallholder's needs under most developing countries conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to look for alternative plant production techniques, effective for each environmental, socio-cultural, and economic conditions.